Study On Evacuation Capacity Of Subway Station Based On Queuing Network Model And Pedestrian Simulation

With the continuous expansion of city size, the Ground Transportation capacity gradually becomes to be saturated state. Developing underground railway transportation has become an important measure to solve the urban traffic problems. For the metro is rapid, safe and economic, it is becoming the backbone of transportation system in a worldwide of many metropolitans. When the accidents happen (such as fire, explosion), how to effectively prevent fire casualties and reduce the group injury has become the most significant thing for the metro security. Thus, subway station evacuation is a complex issue, but needs to be further and in-depth studied.At first, this paper uses the MIGIcIc queuing network model to evaluate emergency evacuation capacity of the subway station, identifying the bottleneck travel facilities. Then use the Pathfinder software to do the simulation experiment, and the calculation results of two methods were analyzed. At last, it puts forward the measures to raise the evacuation capacity of subway station. The main research contents are as follows:(1) Research and combing the basic theory of subway emergency evacuation capacity. Firstly, according to specification for designing of metro subway station evacuation time from Code for design of metro, their concepts were clear and the existing limitations of calculation method were pointed out. Secondly, analyzes the factors that influence the emergency ability of subway station. It mainly includes geometric properties of walking facilities, space structure connection and the characteristics of pedestrian evacuation, etc. Finally, the paper puts forward the three emergency evacuation capacity evaluation index, they are respectively the evacuation time, passenger flow density and infrastructure bottlenecks.(2) Building the subway station emergency evacuation capacity assessment of MIGIcIc queuing network model. Based on queuing theory, first, is to build the subway stations in a single facility of MIGIcIc queuing model. Then, on the basis of the physical network topology and the analysis of pedestrian evacuation path, then established the subway station emergency evacuation capacity assessment of MIGIcIc queuing network model. Finally, based on the MIGIcIc queuing network model, the algorithm and the framework of the model is given.(3) Building the pedestrian selection probability optimization model of the split-type structure facilities. First analyzed the emergency evacuation of pedestrians in the node to downward facility selected factors. Secondly summarized the connection relations between the facilities of subway station and analyzed the arrival rate of different connection relation. Then, aimed at split-type facilities, built the nonlinear programming choosing probability model. The goal of the model is to maximize total output rate of downward facilities. Finally, we design a small-scale example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. This model is to improve the M/G/c/c queuing network model, which makes the calculation results of the model more closed to the actual situation.(4) Completing the case study based on the improved M/G/c/c queuing network mode Take Beijing Jianguomen subway station as a case study, by field surveys to obtained geometric space structures station and facilities and pedestrian macroscopic movement characteristics (speed-density function), then plan out the passenger evacuation route in case of emergency and calculate the queue length, queuing time, output rate and evacuation time in order to get the Jianguomen station evacuation capability assessment findings.(5) Using Pathfinder software to do evacuation simulation taking the example of Jianguomen subway station. Collect data (including pedestrians proportion of sex and age, etc.) from Field Research is set up the simulation environment. Simulation software can output the evacuation time, the density of passenger evacuation ability evaluation indexes. According to these indicators, the calculation results of queuing network model and the simulation calculation results are compare analyzed and verified that the M/G/c/c queuing network is effective. Finally, based on the Jianguomen station evacuation capability assessment results with the above two methods, this paper puts forward the measures and suggestions to raise the evacuation capacity of the station.