Studies On Waterfront Landscape Of Fuzhou Along Urbanization Gradient

Since ancient times, the river is closely related to the emergence and development of human civilization, where human gathered to live and grow crops. Urbanization accelerated process of urban modernization. Due to the impact of human activities, along urbanization gradient the waterfront landscape is changing. Currently, most of the studies are only concentrated on urban or rural waterfront landscape, and few studies focus on the changes of waterfront landscape along urbanization gradient (City Core-City Fringe-Village). Meanwhile, Fuzhou is a historical and cultural watertown, where water is closely related to people’s lives.The study took into account administrative divisions, the population density index, distance from the center of the city, and the ring road and the case of field survey. Based on the above factors to select samples of gradient, it divided into three gradients "City Core-Urban Fringe-Village". The study included taking photos to estimate Scenic Beauty, summarizing and comparing with the way of culture protection and inheritance, monitoring the environmental temperature and humidity, questionnaire of the utility function of demand. According to the opinions of Wang Zhonghua and Yin Anshi, it analyzed the trends of changing in different urbanization gradient from the research aesthetic, cultural,eological and utility functions’ study. The research showed:(1) By using Scenic Beauty Estimation Method to evaluate the 30 photos about waterfront landscape. It screened out the vegetation hierarchy, river conditions, surrounding buildings, interfering factors, and plant growth posture to establish the model: Y=-0.346-1.181X1-1-0.442X1-2-0.385X1-3+0.199X2-1+1.058X7-1+0.814X7-2-0.580X9-1-0.317X9-2-0.443X9-3-0.192X9-4-0.290X13-1(R2=0.900)It was found that SBE value in the entire graphic was V-shaped curve trend along urbanization gradient. The SBE value of rural waterfront was highest, city core waterfront was lower, and urban-fringe waterfront was lowest. In addition, it was found that it also appeared lower degree of landscape in rural waterfront under the influence of urbanization.(2) In the ways of field survey and consulting information, it was found that the way of culture protection and inheritance of each gradient could reflect own characteristics. By summarizing the main form of protection and inheritance, it was found that cultural heritage protection was faced with serious challenges and more serious lack of culture. The way of cultural protection was diversity and diverse and inclusive, but a lot of cultural heritage gradually had disappeared in the prosess of urbanization. Urban fringe riparian retained less Chinese traditional culture. Because of less affected by urbanization, the material culture heritage of rural waterfront had survived more, but the way of cultural preservation was poor. At the same time, scientific measures of protection and restoration was lack, material culture was faced with crisis.(3) By monitoring the temperature and humidity of waterfront and its control area, it analyzed the effects of temperature and humidity along urbanization gradient. In summer, comparing with different underlying surface and vegetation coverage, temperature-reducing and humidity-increasing effects in city core and rural waterfront were better than urban fringe. Rural waterfront began to change under the influence of urbanization, and the effects of temperature-reducing and humidity-increasing were weaker.(4) By the way of questionnaire of the utility function of demand, it was found that the purpose of use waterfront, hours of use, residence time, and utility function of demand are different in each gradient. The main reason for this difference was that lifestyle and ideas was different at different stages of the development of urbanization.(5) Based on the investigation, analysis and summary, the study identified the factors that affected waterfront landscape ecology, aesthetics, culture, values and other utility function and made specific recommendations to improve the quality. Meanwhile, it put forward the reasonable planning proposals of waterfront. It established the overall concept, balance urban and rural planning, and grasped the overall situation to integrate the resources. The waterfront planning of Fuzhou would be positioned as urban leisure, cultural experience-based, natural mountain visits, and cultural visits type.To create the waterfront landscape which include service-oriented, ecological, cultural, and the landscape unity, we hope to establish public service system, ecosystem stability, strong cultural atmosphere, high aesthetic value of waterfront landscape. In future, we will construct livable, cultural, ecological, Garden City, inherit culture, and promote the integration of urban and rural.