Study On The Present Situation And Distribution Characteristics Of Water Resources In Hunan Province

Water is an indispensable substance for the survival and sustainable development of human beings and all living systems. Water resource is one of the most important strategic resources in Hunan. However, due to high-speed economic development, increase in population, uneven spacial and temporal distribution of water resources and weak water conservancy facilities, imbalance between supply and demand of water resources keeps rising, and water pollution is aggravating, which has seriously impacted the economic development and people’s livelihood in Hunan.Lying in south-central China, in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Hunan is located in the continental monsoon climate zone. Based on the data of water resources in Hunan in the past 20 years, this thesis analyses the characteristics of water resources proceeding from the current situation of water resources in Hunan. Considering the characteristics of water resources and its current situation in Hunan, this paper, based on the construction principle of indicator system, has chosen 8 representative indicators to establish the indicator system of water resources in Hunan. Making use of principle component analysis, the thesis has researched on the distribution of water resources in 14 prefectures in Hunan and visualized the calculated results. The results show that the utilization of water resources in Hunan is obviously affected by precipitation. Based on the analysis results, the thesis also provides advice on the development and utilization of water resources in Hunan. The main results showed as follows.(1) On the whole, the gross amount of water resources in Hunan ranks high in our country. And the average total water resources of Hunan province is 184.2×108m3, the annualmean precipitation is 1450mm, The average groundwater resources is 39.15 X 10 m, The average surface water resources is 168.2 ×10 m.(2) Characteristics of water resource distribution in Hunan province is mainly as follows:water resources influenced by precipitation obvious interannual variability, uneven distribution of water years, and regional uneven distribution.(3) East, west and south of Hunan province (which Yongzhou City, Chenzhou City, Huaihua City, Zhuzhou City, Shaoyang City) composite scores between 0 to 2.0; Northeast of Hunan province (Changde City, Changsha City, Yueyang City) water resources comprehensive ability score between-0.1 to 0.0; In the northwest of hunan province (Yiyang, Zhangjiajie, Xiangxi autonomous prefecture) water resources comprehensive ability score between-0.6-0.1; the central province of hunan(Hengyang, Loudi and Xiangtan) water resources comprehensive ability score between-2.0-0.6.(4) Due to lack of rainfall, water resources are scarce in the northwest. Meanwhile, there lies huge development potential in the southeast and the west. Imbalance between supply and demand plagues the northeast and other developed regions. Water resources pressure is high in the central region.