Studies On The Ecological Experience And The Regeneration Of Traditional Tibetan Residential Buildings In Gannan

With the ecological and technical vision, the traditional residential buildings preferably reflect the relationship between the human and the natural environment.Especially their simple ecological architecture experience and construction technology have a very important influence on the development of ecological residential building in our country. However, with the implementation of the western development strategy and the rapid development of the urbanization and the industrialization, people gradually move into the brick houses and industrial buildings, which leads to the phenomenon that, most of the rural residential buildings lose their tradition and building images are irregular and the settlement space is not in order. It will be a great challenge for the modern architects to effectively improve the life quality of the villagers and develop a standardization system of residential building and explore a sustainable development road with regional cultural characteristics on the basis of protecting the traditional residential buildings and ecological environment.This paper takes Tibetan residential buildings in Ganan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture that is in the southwest of Gansu Province as an example.Through field researches, field tests and other methods, the advantages and disadvantages of traditional residential buildings and modern residential buildings in the area are compared. Additionally, combining with climate characteristics in special geographical environment, learning from the excellent ecological experience of traditional buildings and improving the existing buildings, a set of plans to adapt to the construction and the development of local Tibetan residential buildings will be putforward.At first, with the local natural conditions and the human environment factors, this paper analyzes the complex geographical environment of the region and the landform characteristics. And this paper analyzes the five climatic factors including temperature,precipitation, wind, sunshine and solar radiation and relative humidity and the religious settlement culture. At the same time, On the basis of these characteristics, this paper briefly expounds the classification of the traditional residential buildings in Gannan Tibetan area under different climatic conditions and regional environment.Secondly, taking the types of traditional residential buildings and the construction method in Gannan as the starting point, this paper analyzes the advantages of traditional residential buildings and the problems in the course of development. And this paper will have the further explore the advantages of traditional residential buildings – the ecological experience of the local construction. And this paper will have analysis mainly from the energy utilization of traditional residential buildings,plane layout, local building materials, thermal insulation and moisture proof technology, environmental protection and other aspects.Then, this paper selects two Tibetan residential buildings that were built in different periods in Gannan to test the indoor thermal environment. And the results indicate that the thermal performance of the new residential building’s envelope is poor, and the thermal environment of the building indoor is not ideal. However, the thermal performance of the earlier residential building’s envelope is more stable, but there are great defects in architectural design and layout of the residential buildings,and the interior lighting condition is very poor. Through the study of building thermal environment, this paper further illustrates the disadvantages of traditional residential buildings.At last, combining with the ecological experience, this paper will put forward some relevant optimization measures and solutions including the material improvement, design improvement, structural optimization and the earthquake fortification and other optimization aspects, so that the Gannan Tibetan traditional residential buildings develop towards a path of regeneration. The optimization of the traditional residential buildings should be combined with local folk customs, andshould take the ecological and passive technology as the core, and should not use more modern technology materials, and should provide appropriate technical supports for the regeneration design of traditional residential buildings in Gannan.