| Kirin chicken, also known as frizzled chicken, volume feather chicken, which wasthe native characteristic chicken by grew in the west of Guangdong province (the area ofGaozhou and Xinyi city in Guangdong province), because of its frizzled feathers allaround the body, which was like Kirin, so that local people called Kirin chicken. It hadthe characteristics of Sanhuang chicken, namely yellow feathers, yellow feet and yellowskin, while a small amount of white. As The frizzled feathers that expose to part of theskin, it can adapt to the local high temperature and high humidity environment, so it wasimportant to culture a anti-heat stress breed. It was worth to research and development inthe high temperature environment regions, because of its special frizzled trait was goodfor heat dissipation in broilers. Its unique frizzled feather was significant different tonormal feather,which was the ideal material for studying the heat stress protein Hsp70.Nowadays almost all of the research was focused on how the normal feather poultryto anty-high temperature stress, while it was more less on the frizzled feather poultry. Inorder to learn out the secret of the expression amount of Hsp70, which was differentbetween frizzled and normal feather poultry under the heat stress, looking for goodvarieties of resistance to high temperature stress, providing effective molecular basis inbreeding resistant to high temperature stress of frizzled feather chicken for our country,at the same time, it was to explore a new road for high quality chicken breeding andproduction in China. In this test,204cocks and the hens of1day age with batchincubation, similar weight, healthy Kirin chicken was selected respectively, each genderhad6repetitions, each repetition had34chickens, the period was0~16weeks, thefollowing tests were also carried out:(1) To observe, record and take photos in frizzled chicken,from embryonic age of8to7week old, in order to study and analysis the change rule of frizzled feather.(2) Everymorning (before7o’clock) taked the record of the feed consumption rate in every group,before feeding chickens, weeks of consumption and material weight ratio was calculated,birth weight,1-16week old of weight was weighted on an empty stomach every week,and get the average weight each week, used to test out the growth performance of frizzledchicken.(3) It began to turn up the heat of high temperature group, at the end of10week old, high temperature group was for (33±1.0℃), normal temperature group was for(27±1.0℃),12roosters were selected from high temperature and normal temperaturegroup respectively, at the end of12,14,16week old, in order to measure the slaughterperformance and meat quality, which compared and analysised the effection of hightemperature stress on frizzled chicken..(4) The effection of high temperature stress onblood biochemical indexes and sampling making tissue slice were compared andanalysised in frizzled chicken.(5) To use of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCRtechnique (RT-PCR) analysis of high temperature stress to12,14,16week old chicken,for testing out the expression abundance of Hsp70gene in different internal organizations,it was to provide the reference of heat stress resistance research in frizzled chicken. Theresults were as following:1.The growth and development changes of Frizzled chicken’s feathersFrizzled chicken’s feathers were not frizzle when it was born, while there was aslight performance, when it was8-day-old of embryonic period, the soft feathers startedto grow up, when it was1day old,we can’t see any frizzled feather, however, until itgrown to1-week-old some parts of feathers started to become frizzle, after that thefeathers occurred frizzle each week, and different part of the feather had different ruleswere rolled from the wings to the back, to neck, to head, end of abdomen, the feather wasfrom not significant frizzle to deep significant, until7-week-old, it was all around to befrizzle of the body, and was significant.2. The measurement of growth performance in Frizzled chickenThe body weight of1-day-old cocks and the hens were34.74g and33.85grespectively, but at the end of16-week-old was2365.00g and1591.36g respectively, andfeed conversion ratio reached3.36and4.63respectively, cocks and the hens at12-week-old to16-week-old had the largest growth rate, the average daily weight, cockreached38.12g, hens reached25.56g, the growth curve was increased and then decreased,no matter cock or hen, all more than the standard requirements of quality broiler.3. High temperature stress on slaughter performance and meat quality of FrizzledchickenHeat stress had a significant impaction on meat characters of frizzled chicken, suchas on the slaughter performance, high temperature stress caused the frizzled chicken’sslaughter rate was falled, normal temperature group was higher than the hightemperature group about2%, the all eviscerated weight, half-eviscerated weight, breastmuscle weight, leg muscle weight of normal temperature group was increased 142.53g,31.82g,3.52g and9.4g respectively, and had a significant difference (P<0.05), itwas worthy to pay attention that the abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat rate of hightemperature group chicken were lower0.46g, and0.1%than normal temperature grouprespectively,（P<0.01）. High temperature stress impacted on the meat quality of frizzledchicken, heat stress reduced the tasting and appearance of muscle, meanwhile, the musclecolour was decreased, it was not bright, colour was deep, not very attractive, shear forceof high-temperature group was greater than the normal group, it showed that waterholding capacity(WHC) of meat was poor, and the muscle was not strong,which affectthe taste of muscle. It was worth noting that, the pH of high-temperature group was notsignificant difference to the normal temperature group, it was between6.0to6.5,(P>0.05).4. High temperature stress on blood biochemical parameters and internal organssliced of Frizzled chickenHigh temperature stress leaded to the amount of CK, ALP, GLU and UA wassignificantly increased, it increased by58.62U/L、9.24U/L、2.24mmol/L、55.18μmol/L,respectively; but LDH, TG and CHOL was significantly reduced, it increased by333.84U/L、0.25mmol/L、0.37mmol/L, respectively; however, it was no significant differencein ALT and AST. High temperature stress impacted on the internal organs injury offrizzled chicken was mainly for high-temperature group was injured seriously,14-week-old was injured significantly, at16-week-old,the high temperature stress injurywas relieved, in which the heart muscle fiber was damaged, myocardial fiber was brokeobviously, the liver and kidney organs were injured for cell necrosis, the lung was mainlyfor hemorrhage and cell necrosis, however, the spleen was mainly for lymphocytenecrosis. Combination of the two results, we could see that heat stress caused the frizzledchicken’s organs damage, leading to the rise and decline of serum enzyme.5. High temperature stress on the Hsp70gene expression in various tissues of organsin Frizzled chickenAt the same time in different organs of heat stress, the Hsp70gene expression levelof frizzled chicken showed that, spleen and lung volume Hsp70gene expression levelshad come down of14-week-old frizzled chicken, and the difference was significant (P<0.01), respectively, which was the expression of0.65and0.78times to the normaltemperature group; heart, liver and kidney gene expression of Hsp70had shown increases;among that the liver of16-week-old frizzled chicken shown maximum upregulatedexpression level was33.3times, the spleen of16-week-old frizzled chicken shown minimum upregulated the expression level was1.93times. When different organs at thesame temperature stress, gene expression of Hsp70in frizzled chicken shown that,every organ of the expression of Hsp70gene had shown up in12-week-old frizzledchicken, among of them, the maximum expression was the kidney, it was13.52times tothe control group, the difference was significant (P <0.01); at14-week-old, the spleenand lungs Hsp70gene expression shown down,the maximum amount of expression waskidney, it was15.74times to the control group, the difference was significant (P <0.01);at16-week-old, the Hsp70gene expression levels had shown increasing, which reachedthe maximum expression was the liver, it was33.3times to the control group, thedifference was significant (P <0.01). |
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