Research On Landscape Pattern Evolution And Monitoring Technology In Dalinor National Nature Reserve Based On 3S

This paper is relying on'The study on the endogenous nutrient loading and swamping effects of grass type lakes'(National Natural Science Foundation, Grant NO. 30560029) and'The study on swamping security decision and analysis of shallow grass type lake'(Ministry of Education Specialized Research Fund for Doctor, Grant NO. 20060129006).Quantitatively research landscape pattern Evolution of natural and man-made landscape in Dalinor between 1995-2008 based on 3S, from two dimension and three dimension. At the same time, monitor the anthropogenic disturbance from production activities in Dalinor based on GIS, all research the spatial -temporal evolution of the landscape in Dalinor, provides a complete foundation data for the analysis of the reserve landscape evolution and evolution reason, raise the level of digital management of the national nature reserve.Achieve the seamless integration of GPS device and Dalinor GIS, custom and develop the intelligent phone with GPS, control the open or close for search satellite status through background program,ensure the mobile phone can be in position for a long time, achieve patrol people field sample and return the collected data of multiple formats with mobile phone, provides a practical technology for the real-time monitoring of small scale landscape nature reserve and scientific management.The main conclusion as follows:(1) Geography Information System of Dalinor National Nature Reserve has been established, include: Landscape Evolution Module, Wetland Information Module, Pasture Information Module, Forestry Information Module, GPS Dynamic Monitoring Module. It completes ecological special analysis of landscape evolution on the GIS plat, realizes the digital management and dynamic monitoring.(2) Type I landscape is automatically classified by using LM-based BP neural network technology and Maximum Likelihood Method, the classification accuracy of fusion matrix based on LM-based BP neural network is 90.71%, Kappa coefficient is 0.8781, the classification accuracy of fusion matrix based on Maximum Likelihood Method is86.59%, the coefficient of Kappa is 0.8132.(3) 15 years of continuous changes in water area of reserve has been obtained by using TM images in 1995, 2000, 2004~2009, the result shows that the area of Dalinor lake had reduced 2335hm2 from 24670h m2 to 21800hm2. Except the nature factors that grazing systems and the use of industrial and mining water is the main reason for lake area's shirking.(4) Landscape type and the dynamic change characteristics is interpreted from the TM images of 1995, 2000, 2004, 2008: Steppe landscape, lake wetland landscape and sandy landscape is superiority landscape in the whole research zone, The larger change landscapes is salty marshes which increased 3564 hm2, lake wetland landscape reduced 2335 hm2, Steppe landscape is the main matrix of the landscape. The most dynamic landscape is sandy-low-steppe, the dynamic degree is 29.78%, the sandy-mid-steppe is 8.56%.(5) The Patch Density (PD) in1995~2008 increased from 0.5702 to 0.5793, the Edge Density (ED) increased from 27.6743 to 27.8410, the Largest Patch Index (LDI) reduced form 41.9764 to 28.8060, and area Weighted Fractal Dimension (FRAC_AM) reduced from 1.2191 to 1.2011. The Contagion is between 58 and 61 in 1995~ 2008, it shows that the degree of landscape area reunion is moderate. SHDI increased from 1.6743 to 1.6909, SHEI increased from 0.6039 to 0.6244, the Dominance index reduced from 2.3257 to 2.3091, it shows the landscape patches amount increased, the fragmented degree exacerbated, and the heterogeneity of the landscape increased.(6) quantitatively analyze the 3D changes in landscape pattern by using special statistics analysis. The areas of Elevation I (Elevation is 1230~1260m) is 60.25% of the total area. The main landscape is the steppe and lake wetland in elevation I, the area is 29285hm2, 22132 hm2. The larger changes in 1995~2008 is elevation I, the area from steppe and lake wetland to salty landscape is 2175 hm2 and 1396 hm2, it indicated the total degradation status of reserve, elevation 2~5 is changing non-obviously.Slope I (<3°) regional area is 90.46% of the reserve areas. major landscape includes steppe, lake wetland and sandy landscape, the areas is 47223 hm2, 22325 hm2 and 12268 hm2. Slope I region is flat, and the human impact is larger, so that landscape types converses frequently, the area of lake wetland reduced 2334 hm2,steppe reduced 1088 hm2, salty marshes increased 3553 hm2, it indicates that the desertification and salty prevention of slope 3 region should be strengthen.Regional area of the sunny is 41.10% of reserve areas, shady area are 6.50%, the area of landscape types of sunny into convert each other is 3441 hm2, slope degradation of landscape area is 454 hm2, the strength of sunny changes in the ecological environment is greater than the shady.(8) The change of function zone in Dalinor reserve in 1995-2008 is as follow: Core zone: mashes and meadow landscape transfer in to steppe 131 hm2 in Baoyintuliu, mashes change in to steppe 49 hm2 in Shalihe, steppe transfer in to salty mashes 54 hm2. The others have non-obviously Change.Buffer zone: The mashes and meadow in Buffer I and buffer III change in to steppe 158 hm2 and 16 hm2 , Buffer II has no obvious change,Experimental zone: Lake wetland transfer into mashes meadow landscape 39 hm2 in Daerhan tourist zone, lake wetland transfer into salty mashes 47 hm2, lake wetland transfer into salty mashes 116 hm2 in Fenghuang tourist zone, the others have no obvious change.