| Nature reserve plays an important role in environment protection,the protection of biodiversity and maintaining the balance of ecological system.The enterprise about natural protection vigorous development,since 1956 when China established the first nature reserve,and nature reserve value assessment of brook no delay.Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve has high research value of ecological significance and important,which is rich in biodiversity,retention of large area south rare original marsh in 1200m?1500m.In this paper,ecosystem emergy and its sustainable development level were evaluated which taking the forest ecosystem Tianbaoyan and peat swamp ecosystem as an example by the way of emergy theory and method of emergy analysis which presented by H.T.Odum,the data which collected and collated through a variety of ways and formula of transformity calculation which selected suiTab..The results revealed that:The energy value of Tianbaoyan national nature was 1.66E+21sej per year which has the extremely high value,it is equivalent to the economic value of 1.54E+9RMB.The renewable resource input was 4.80E+19sej,the value is about4.45E+07RMB,which accounted for total flow 2.89%;non-renewable resources input was 7.02E+17sej,the value is about 6.16E+05RMB,which accounted for total flow of 0.04%;Tangible output was 1.12E+20sej,value of it was about 1.04E+08RMB,accounted for total system flow 6.74%;Intangible output was 1.50E+21 sej,value of it was about 1.39E+09RMB,accounted for total system flow 90.32%.Consequently,the value of intangible output of ecosystem services in nature reserve was max,which more than 90%in the total value of system.There is great difference in unit emergy value between different types of ecological system,emergy density of the peat swamp ecosystem about Sphagnum palustre is 2.29E+13 sej/(m2·a)which is the highest among the 5 types of ecological system,and the sequence of emergy density is as follow:Juncus effuse>Palhinhaea cernua>Pllostachys heteroclada,emergy density of the forest ecological system was the lowest one,which is only 1.57E+12sej/(m2·a)and less than peat swamp ecosystem's 1/10,illustrated that the unit emergy output of peat swamp ecosystem was significantly higher than that in forest ecological system?(3)Emergy of whole ecosystem were equal to the unit emergy multiplied by area.Emergy of Tianbaoyan forest ecological system was 1.66E+21sej,the total value was about 1.52E+09RMB;Emergy of peat swamp ecosystem was 4.96E+18sej,value of it was about $2.18E+07RMB;where the whole emergy of peat mire ecosystem about the type of Pllostachys heteroclada was 2.09E+18sej,value of it was about 1.92EE+07RMB;emergy of peat mire ecosystem about the type of Palhinhaea cernua was 2.11E+17sej,value of it was about 1.93E+05RMB;emergy of peat mire ecosystem about the type of Juncus effuse was1.24E+17sej,value of it was about 1.14E+05RMB;the whole emergy of peat mire ecosystem about the type of Sphagnum palustre was 2.53E+18sej,value of it was about 2.32E+06RMB.(4)Nevertheless,emergy output rate of Tianbaoyan Nature Reserve which close to pure natural conditions is very high,value of system emergy was great.In Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve,the System RIR was 0.99,which close to 1;System EYR was 3.20;System ELR was 0.01,from the evaluation system of sustainable development.The phenomenon that the ESR was high and the EIR was low illustrated that it's higher degree of Tianbaoyan ecosystems rely on natural resources,it mainly rely on the system's own operation to maintain operation,at the same time it explained that the reserve had less human intervention,and relatively backward economic development,the environment had not damaged,environmental pressure was low.Emergy sustainable indices is greater than 10,illustrated that the Tianbaoyan ecosystem was in the low level state of sustainable development. |
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