Effect Of Bio-organic Fertilizer On Plant Growth And Physiological Characteristics Of Grape Under Delayed Cultivation In Solar Greenhouse At Desert Region

The soil in solar greenhouse on desert area has low content of organic matter,therefore, the grape leaves senescence and yellow at late growth stage in delayedculture, and the fruit yield and quality as well as the harvest period is often affected.The experimental site in this study locates in Linze county of Gansu province at ariddesert region of the edge of Badanjilin desert. The4years old grape cv. Red Globegrown in solar greenhouse was taken as the material, the effect of two bio-organicfertilizers,“Nongrisheng”and “Lvnengriqi”, on the growth and development andphysiological characteristics of grape leaves, yield and quality of the grape fruit aswell as soil quality were investigated. Objective was to increase the organic matter ofthe sandy soil, replenish the soil trace element, promote the grape plant growth anddevelopment, delay the grape leaves senescence and yellow at late growth stage,improve photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves, improve the plant drought and heatstress resistance, enhance the quality of the fruit, and delay grape harvest time. Themain results are as followings:1. The content of soil organic matter, micro elements and trace elements in theexperimental soil were increased by treatment with “Nong ri sheng” and “Lv neng ruiqi” bio-organic fertilizers with the method of foliage spray, soil pouring and foliagespray+soil pouring. The soil fertility was improved more with the fertilizers of“Nong ri sheng” than with the “Lv neng rui qi”. The effect of the treatment method onsoil fertility in this test was in sequence of foliage spray+soil pouring＞soil pouring＞foliage spray. Application the two bio-organic fertilizers “Nong ri sheng” and “Lvneng rui qi” with method of leaves spray+soil pouring, could increase the contents ofsoil organic matter by56.16％and49.46%respectively, and available nitrogen by141.81％and131.24％, available phosphorus by69.19％and54.61％, availablepotassium by40.09％and31.08％, water soluble calcium by0.0125and0.0032percent, water soluble Mg by0.0061and0.0037percent, available manganese by23.52％and16.2％, available Fe by15.73％and10.18％, available Zn by127.59％ and106.03％, available Cu by197.94％and137.11％compared with the control.2. The growth and development of grape leaves was promoted, the contents ofchlorophyll, micro elements, trace elements of the grape leaves were increased, alsothe net photosynthetic rate of the leaves were improved when treated with “Nong risheng” and “Lv neng rui qi” bio-organic fertilizers with the method of foliage spray,soil pouring and foliage spray+soil pouring. The influence of the fertilizer “Nong risheng” on the grape leaves growth and development was stronger than that of “Lvneng rui qi”. Among the three treatment method, the effect of foliage spray+soilpouring on leaf growth and development was higher than those of the other two.Application the bio-organic fertilizers “Nong ri sheng” and “Lv neng rui qi” bymethod of leaves spray+soil pouring, resulted in increase of the length of leaf bladeby9.35％and6.87％respectively, the width of leaf blade by9.53％and7.55％, leafthickness by6.96％and6.12％, the contents of chlorophyll by43.7％and38.48％,the net photosynthetic rates by30.22％and16.32％, the total calcium contents by37.2％and13.99％, the total potassium contents by26.52％and15.21％, the totalmagnesium contents by48.68％and30.03％, the Fe contents by48.89％and25.68％, the Mn contents by30.3％and23.91％, the Zn contents by235.64％and102.16％, the Cu contents by47.5％and28.57％, and the selenium contents by63.64％and45.45％, compared with the control.3. The production and quality of Red Globe grape was increased by treatmentwith “Nong ri sheng” and “Lv neng rui qi” bio-organic fertilizers. The effects of“Nong ri sheng” on the grape yield and quality was much better than that of “Lv nengrui qi”. The effects of foliage spray+soil pouring on grape yield and quality wassuperior to the other two. Application of the bio-organic fertilizers “Nong ri sheng”and “Lv neng rui qi” with the method of leaves spray+soil pouring increased thefresh grape ear weights by47.16％and38.89％, the longitudinal diameters of fruitsby7.26％and5.58％, the diameters of fruits by11.46％and8.28％, the averageberry weights by47.38％and39.21％, the soluble solid substance contents of fruitsby1.02and0.74percent, the vitamin C contents by43.09％and10.78％, the total calcium contents of the fruits by42.56％and36.99％, the total potassium contentsby33.44％and34.22％,the total Mg contents by39.9％and29.9％, the Fe contentsby85.45％and83.1％, the Mn contents by72.83％and46.74％, the Zn contents by110.34％and59.77％, the Cu contents by90.9％and81.82％, and the Se contentsby100％and77.78％, but the titratable acid contents of the fruits declined by50％,compared with the control.