| The root system is the "fundamental" of plant, which is also the foundation of fruit cultiv ation, orchard basic cultivation measures including fertilization, irrigation and other measures play an important role through effect the root system(Yang H Q,2012).Root architecture refers to the structure and spatial shape of root system, and similar to the fruit trees shape, it is important for the effective use of soil nutrients, promote absorption of water and nutrients to shape appropriate root configuration through certain measures(Fan W G,2006). Lots of research reports showed that fertilization is one of the most important agricultural measures affecting root growth, but less related research reports on peach trees. Therefore, 15 N tracer elements were used to study the influence of different fertilization mode on root growth, nitrogen uptake and distribution on young peach trees. The field experiment were used to study the influence of organic fertilizer application methods and amount of organic fertilizer on root growth and fruit quality of peach trees. The results showed that: 1. Different fertilization mode treatments show that, compared with no fertilizer(CK), treatments of chemical fertilizers(MF), biochemical fulvic acid potassium and inorganic fertilizers(BFA), organic and inorganic fertilizers(OF) could significantly improve the root total length, average diameter, root surface area, root volume, root tip number, branch number and the number of cross. Compared with CK, and BFA treatment significantly increased the root average diameter, OF treatment had the most significant effects on increasing the root biomass, and the OF treatment is more advantageous to induction of fine roots(d≤2mm), while the BFA treatment is more advantageous to thickening growth of root system and increase the length of the middle thick root(2mm<d≤4.5mm) and thick root(d>4.5mm). The root activity with BFA treatment was significantly higher than other treatments, and the SOD, POD, CAT enzyme activity of root was also significantly higher than other treatments, the root MDA content was significantly lower than other treatments, showing that the BFA treatment had the most significant effects on slowing root senescence. The Ndff% values in peach trees organ were significantly different, the Ndff% values with BFA were significantly higher than other treatments, the utilization of BFA 15 N utilization was 13.53%, and was significantly higher than those of OF(11.77%),MF(10.60%). To a certain extent, different fertilization modes promoted the growth of the young peach trees aboveground, and BFA treatment can significantly make the new shoots more bold and longer, this has to do with the influence of BFA treatment on root thickening growth in consistency. Overall,these finding suggest that biochemical fulvic acid potassium and inorganic fertilizers(BFA) can significantly promote the growth of root system, and root bold, and increase thick root length and root activity, slow root senescence, at the same time, it also can significantly improve the root system of nitrogen use efficiency, and promote the growth of peach trees aboveground. 2. Organic fertilizer different application methods found, compared with no fertilizer(CK), organic fertilizer broadcasting(SA) and ditch(TG) treatment can significantly promote the growth of peach tree. Organic fertilizer broadcasting(SA) and ditch(TG) treatment can increased the stem diameter, the peripheral new tip length, and no significant differences among treatments. The peripheral new branch diameter with ditch(TG) treatment was significantly higher than broadcasting treatment(SA), no significant difference between broadcasting treatment(SA) with CK. Compared with no fertilizer(CK), organic fertilizer broadcasting(SA) and ditch(TG) treatment can significantly increase the average weight of fruit, peach fruit firmness and soluble solids content.The fruit firmness and soluble solids content of organic fertilizer broadcasting treatment(SA) were significantly higher than organic fertilizer ditch processing(TG). on the whole, the comprehensive improvement of organic fertilizer broadcasting treatment(SA) is better than organic fertilizer ditch processing(TG). Organic fertilizer broadcasting(SA) treatment is advantageous to increase the root biomass of surface soil(0-10cm), but organic fertilizer ditch processing was more conducive to promote the occurrence and growth of root in deep soil layer. 3. Different amount of organic fertilizer broadcasting for two consecutive years found, compared with no fertilizer(CK), organic fertilizer broadcasting can significantly promote the growth of peach trees, and improve the new tip length, average branch diameter and stem diameter of peach trees. The new tip length, average branch diameter and stem diameter of organic fertilizer medium amount of broadcasting(MS, 1000 kg/666.7 m2) and high amount of broadcasting(HS, 1500 kg/666.7 m2) were significantly higher than the low amount of broadcasting(LS, 500 kg/666.7 m2), and no significant difference between before the two treatments. Organic fertilizer broadcasting treatment can significantly improve the quality of peach fruit, medium(MS) and high amount(HS) of broadcasting treatment significantly increased the content of soluble solids, fruit firmness and average fruit weight, but no significant differences among treatments. To a certain extent, organic fertilizer broadcasting affect the content and distribution of the soil available nutrients, and showed the distribution difference due to its own mobile properties and amount of organic fertilizer, high amount of organic fertilizer application(HS) can significantly improve the available nutrient content of peach root growth layer(0-40 cm).Organic fertilizer broadcasting effect mainly root biomass of surface soil(0-10 cm), the root biomass with high amount of organic fertilizer broadcasting treatment was significantly higher than other processing, and roots showed "floating" growth phenomenon. |
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