Effects Of Special Compound Mixed Fertilizer On Soil Properties And Yield-Quality Of Flue-cured Tobacco In Gaoshan

Organic fertilizer plays an important role in increasing soil water holding, fertility holding capacity and improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco. The flue-cured tobacco in Gaoshan located in Tongren city, Guizhou province is a typical tobacco with mountainous characteristic. Tobacco is one of the main economic crops of local farmers’ income. However, soil organic matter is deficient in Gaoshan, which seriously affects the yield and quality of the flue-cured tobacco. In order to improve soil properties and organic matter content in Gaoshan, this study selected and refined organic fertilizer that was made by different organic materials (maize straw and cattle manure and sheep manure), which were applied together with tobacco-specific chemical fertilizer. On this basis, we studied the influence of using of different compound organic fertilizer and tobacco-specific chemical fertilizer on agronomic traits of tobacco, tobacco leaf quality, economical characters, tobacco soil fertility, enzyme activity and diversity of soil microbes and community functions. That will lay a solid foundation for screening a kind of compound organic fertilizer most suitable for tobacco field production in Gaoshan located in Tongren city, Guizhou province. Following are the main results:1. Compound mixed fertilizer A, B and C were produced by aerobic fermentation method. Fertilizer A was made by maize straw and oil cake, fertilizer B was made by maize straw and barnyard manure, and fertilizer C was made by maize straw, barnyard manure and oil cake. It studied effects of mix applying of compound organic fertilizer A, B, C and tobacco-specific chemical fertilizer on agronomic traits and yield of flue-cured tobacco. The utilizing of different types of compound organic fertilizer increased the height of flue-cured tobacco, the maximum of leaf length and width, the stem and effective leaf number of flue-cured tobacco. The applying of compound organic fertilizer not only increased the average price of tobacco leaf, it also observably improved tobacco output, output value, and proportion of superior and upper-middle tobacco. Compound organic fertilizer C, made by corn stalk, manure and oil cake, was the most effective one among them. By applying fertilizer C, the output value of tobacco leaf reached 39,523.39 yuan/hm2, with the average price of 22.45 Yuan/kg. The proportion of superior and upper-middle tobacco reached 88.89%. The usage of compound organic fertilizer increased the contents of nicotine and total nitrogen in flue-cured tobacco. The quantitative value was closer to the scope of the requirements of flue-cured tobacco. Simultaneously, the content of total sugar and reducing sugar dropped dramatically. Besides, the ratio of two kinds of sugar and the ratio of nitrogen and alkali increased, while the ratio of sugar and alkali declined, which made the chemical contents of tobacco leaf more harmonious and improved the chemical trait of tobacco leaf. Judging from the coordination of chemical characters after utilizing compound organic fertilizer, the rank of compound organic fertilizer for boosting coordination of chemical characters of tobacco is C, then A and B.2. This study investigated effect of usage of special compound organic fertilizer on soil fertility and enzyme activity. During tobacco growth and maturity period, rhizosphere soil samples were collected. Samples were utilized to study influence of different fertilizer on dynamic change of soil nutrient and enzyme activity during tobacco growth and maturity period. Results showed that usage of compound organic fertilizer adjusts pH value and organic matter content in tobacco soil, increased content of available nitrogen, available phosphorous and available potassium, increased the activity of catalase, invertase, urease and acid phosphate. In general, the rank of special compound organic fertilizer for improving tobacco soil fertility and enemy activity is C, then A and B.3. The study further explored effects of applying of special compound organic fertilizer on soil microorganism and its microbial functional diversity. Ecological plates were used to test soil microbial’s ability to use carbon sources after the applying of the three types of special compound mixed fertilizer, studying influence of different fertilizer on soil microbial community functional diversity. The results showed that the usage of these three kinds of compound organic fertilizer increased the quantities of rhizosphere, actinomyces and fungi and other microbes in tobacco soil. Total carbon metabolic activity of rhizosphere soil microbial was exuberant. The growing speed of microbes increased distinctly. Meanwhile, it also dramatically increased the richness of rhizosphere soil microbial community and dominance and evenness of dominant species. Furthermore, usage of compound organic fertilizer increases the utilizing ability of substrate of carboxylic acid, carbohydrates and amino acids carbon source. In general, therankof compound organic fertilizer for increasing the quantity and microbial functional diversity is C, then A and B.In conclusion, the results showed that the special compound organic fertilizer C that was made by maize straw, barnyard manure and oil cake, significantly improved soil fertility in Gaoshan located in Tongren city, Guizhou province. Moreover, This study effectively utilized the local abandoned crop residues, and had important significance for the development and lean production of flue-cured tobacco in Gaoshan.