Effects Of Organic Materials On Character Of Tobacco-planting Soil And Yield And Quality Of Flue-cured Tobacco

Along with the excessive application of fertilizer and the unreasonable farming measures,the degradation of planting tobacco soil has become increasingly serious.Therefore this experiment was with organic materials which was composed of four kinds of mixed organic fertilizer according to certain proportion.The four organic fertilizer separately were peat,sesame cake fertilizer,humic acid and mineral fertilizer.This experiment was set to 4 different fertilizer amount treatments with mixed organic fertilizer amount.T1 was applied organic materials 180 grams per pot.T2 was applied organic materials 360 grams per pot.T3 was applied organic materials 540 grams per pot.The contrast was applied with single fertilizer for comparison.A pot experiment and field trials were conducted to study effects of mixed organic fertilizer amount on the major environmental factors of soil and quantity and quality of tobacco.The main contents and results are as follows:1.The pot experiment studied about the effects of organic material application on soil properties showed that application of organic material could significantly reduce soil bulk density.The effects of organic material on bulk density had significantly reduced at 60 days after transplanting and every treatment has fallen to its lowest level,especially T2 and T3.T2 and T3 were higher than control in turn by 19.69%and 17.42%.With the increase of organic material dosage,the soil bulk density reduce more significantly.Application of organic material could increase the nitrogen content and available phosphorus content and available potassium of the soil.T3 showed the best effect,followed by T2.In total,application of organic material could improve soil physical properties and increase soil available nutrient content and improve soil fertility and make sure the abundant soil nutrient supply.2.The pot experiment studied about the effects of organic material application on soil enzyme activities and soil microbial biomass carbon showed that application of organic material could improve the activities of soil urease,invertase and catalase in varying degrees.The vigor if soil urease and invertase appeared peak at 60 d after transplanting,and catalase showed an obvious double-peak respectively at 45 days and 75 days after transplanting.The effects of organic material on urease tend to increase in the prophase of tobacco growth,and to decrease the activity in the anaphase.In all treatments,T2 was the best for urease,followed by T1 and T3.Organic material could significantly improve invertase activity.T2 still had a significant effect for increasing catalase activity of soil.In conclusion,application of organic material could increase the soil enzymes and T2 was the best.The application of organic material significantly increased content of soil microbial biomass carbon.The content of soil microbial biomass carbon increased as the addition level of organic material and it reaches a maximum at 60 days after transplanting.T3 was the best,followed by T2 and T1.In total,application of organic material could improve soil enemy and increase soil microbial biomass carbon and improve soil ecological environment.3.The pot experiment studied about the effects of organic material application on root development of flue-cured tobacco showed that application of organic material could increase the physiology activity and biomass of root.Root system activity of tobacco increased substantially during earlier stage and it declined slightly which still keep in a stable level at the late growth stage.T2 had the highest root vigor among all the treatments,followed by T1 and T3,however,CK had the lowest.T2 and T3 were higher than CK by 32.22% and 18.24% at 45 days after transplanting.Application of organic material could increase and raise root volume,root dry weight,and root active absorb area.The root active absorb area appeared a peak at 75 days after transplanting,T2 was best,followed by T1 and T3.Root active absorbing area and total roots absorbing area shared the same trend.The results show that application of organic material had obviously effects on tobacco root biomass.Compared root volume growth and root dry weight and root dry weight growth to every treatment and T2 performed best and the next was T1 and T3.In total,application of organic material could improve the root development of flue-cured tobacco.4.The pot experiment studied about the effects of organic material application on dry matter accumulation of tobacco showed that the application of organic material increased the dry matter accumulation of tobacco.Comparing with all the treatments,T3 had remarkably improved dry matter accumulation,next is Treatment 2.It showed that application of organic material provided a basis for the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.5.The pot experiment studied about the effects of organic material application on content of mineral nutrient showed that the application of organic material had a positive effect on the mineral nutrient accumulation and raising the utilization ratio of fertilizers and increasing soil nutrient supply capacity.Application of organic material kept the K,Mg,Fe,Mn and B were maintained at the suitable scope,but the content of Ca and Cu were higher than the suitable scope.Comparing with all the treatments,The most mineral nutrient accumulation of T2 were the maximum,next was T3.T1 was lower than T3.The content of Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn in T2 were separately higher than CK in turn by27.32%?20.64%?58.98%?44.71%?60.44%and 38.84%.The content B of T3 was maximum and it was higher than CK by 41.12%.6.The effects of organic material application on chemical components in flue-cured tobacco leaves showed that the pot tests showed that the application of organic material had different effects on total sugar and reducing sugar content in different parts.The organic material treatment had great influence on sugar content in the upper leaves and middle leaves.The content of total sugar increased as the addition level of organic material and T3 of it was higher than control treatment by 9.21%and 15.09%in the upper leaves and middle leaves.Application of organic material could increase the potassium content in tobacco leaves and T2 was the maximum in the upper leaves and T3 was the maximum in the middle leaves.T2 and T3 were separately higher than CK by 21.27% and 6.77%.Application of organic material kept chloride content less than 1%.Organic material application can reduce the total nitrogen content of flue-cured tobacco and the total nitrogen in T1,T2 and T3 were separately lower than CK by 8.78%?8.02% and 5.73%.Application of organic material could reduce the nicotine and kept it in the range of 2.8%to 3.3% within a reasonable range.Application of organic material could increase the proportion of nitrogen to nicotine in the upper leaves and middle leaves.The proportion of nitrogen to nicotine showed 1%.Field experiments show that total sugar content higher than those in the control in the upper leaves and middle leaves and the total sugar content in the upper leaves increased as the addition of organic material.Application of organic material could kept leaf chlorine were ranged from 0.3%to 0.8%at suitable scope.Application of organic material can increase the potassium content slightly.The largest potassium content was T3 and the lowest was T1.Application of organic material had different influence on ratio of potassium to chlorine and T3 showed the best,however T1 had the lowest ratio.Application of organic material could reduce nicotine and total nitrogen content.Application of organic material could increase the ratio of carbon and nicotine with the increase of organic material dosage.The content of nicotine in the upper leaves showed CK>T1>T2>T3,and in the middle leaves showed T2>CK>T1>T3.The tobacco leaves proportion of nitrogen to nicotine kept in the vicinity of 1 and had the best coordination.7.The field experiment studied about the effects of organic material application on neutral aroma substances showed that application of organic material can increase the total amount of neutral fragrant substances in flue-cured,the result showed that T3>T2>T1>CK.The application of organic material enhanced the amount of the aroma substances,and more organic fertilizers,more increase.From aroma components content of view,T2 was the best for the contents of browning products and phenylalanine.For the other aroma substances,T3 was better.On the whole,T2 and T3 had good permeation in neutral aroma substances.8.The field experiment studied about the effects of organic material application on economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco showed that application of organic material can promote yields and values of tobacco and the yield and output value of T3 was significantly higher than other processing.Treatment 1 had average proportion of superior tobacco than T2.Yield and output value is lower than the T2.The results confirmed that the applications of organic fertilizer were superior to improve quality than the comparison,and the chemical compositions were apt in the upper leaf.It showed that application amount of organic materials content according to a certain degree could have the value-added effect.Comprehensive analysis,the application of organic material can improve soil properties,increase soil fertility,improve soil ecological environment,promote the flue-cured tobacco root growth and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plant,improve tobacco leaf quality and yield.The effect of T2 and T3 namely the application of organic materials from 2250 ~ 3000 kg/hm~2 are suitable field fertilization.