| Prunella vulgaris L. is a common traditional Chinese medicine, wich is wide range of applications and huge demand. However, wild Prunella vulgaris L. is excavated excessively, planted not standardized, degradation of germplasm and the breeding technology is backward, Not only destroyed the origin of the ecological environment, severely restricted the development of the Prunella vulgaris L. industry, but also caused the crisis of the entire industry of medicinal herbs.Traditional breeding because of its low mutation frequency and long breeding period, have been unable to meet the rapid development of medicinal herbs industry. By space mutation treatment can creates a large number of mutations materials, so that we can bred excellent mutants quickly and efficiently, and get the high-quality high-producing varieties of Prunella vulgaris L. Not only relieves the problem of lack of resources of Prunella vulgaris L., but also brings important ecological, economic and social benefits.This trial based on the study of SP1 generation of Prunella vulgaris L., from the observation of phenotype and analysis of biological variation of the SP2 generation, to screen yield maternal plant, according to observations phenophase, late-maturing Prunella vulgaris L plants have been found. According to measuring the content of rosemary acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, screen plant active ingredient content mutation. Provide excellent materials and technical reference for SP3 generation of Prunella vulgaris L. later breeding. Specific methods and results are as follows:By phenotype observed and statistics in SP2 generation of Prunella vulgaris L., found that there is a certain mutation rate between the control group and the mutation group, mainly on flowers, stems and leaves. There are three plants corolla color changes to pink-white, the color of leaves also have a certain degree of shallow, and slightly smaller than general plant, variation is 0.2%. Combining the study of SP1 generation, we have found that this variation has a certain degree of genetic.The genetic variation on morphological of SP2 generation, in addition to the plant height (RSD=14.18%), total fresh weight, total dry weight, the drying rate, ear number, ear length and the dry weight of ears per plant, above six characters have a greater degree of the coefficient of variation.Wherein the number of ears per plant, total dry weight, total fresh weight, the dry weight of ears per plant reached 49.30%,49.05%,47.98%,40.74%.The average plant height,total fresh weight, ear number, the dry weight of ears per plant, ear length of SP2 have different degrees of improvement than SP1 generation,, it was not reached significant differences in the levels (p<0.05), and the variation of these fine traits have heredity to some extent.In view of the reproduction period of SP2 generation, its bolting stage, early flowering stage, full-bloom stage and maturation stage are generally delayed by 7-10 days compared with the control.Correlation analysis conducted on SP2 generation of Prunella vulgaris indicates that, for every individual, the dry weight of ears is positively correlated with height, individual’s fresh weight, individual’s dry weight, the number of ears and ear length at a very significant level. When selecting and breeding high-yield population, as a result, exuberant individuals possessing such traits, including higher height, more and larger ears, should be paid extra attention.As for the contents of rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid of SP2 generation, this generation has variations of a different degree among individuals.Eventually, based on two criteria, i.e., high yield and good quality, we selected the following 10 individuals with relatively high yield:SP5-4、SP55-4、SP3-1、SP70-2、SP35-4、 SP23-7、SP18-1、SP40-4、SP23-6、SP68-3 (The dry weight of ears respectively reaches at 56g, 54g,51g,46g,45g,43g,42g,42g,41g and 41g). The good-qualified individuals, SP68-2, SP68-1, SP40-4, SP68-9 and SP18-1, furthermore, whose content of rosmarinic acid comes to 0.49%,0.44%,0.43%,0.42% and 0.40% respectively, are excellent germplasm resources can be observed and selected in the investigation of next generation. |
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