Study Of Agricultural Irrigation Water-saving Countermeasures And Incentive Mechanisms In Shanghai

Agricultural water-saving is an important measure to ease the contradiction between supply and demand of China’s current agricultural water utilization, improve water utilization efficiency, implement the strictest water resources management, and promote the construction of water-saving society. "Outline of the National Agricultural Water Conservation Program (2012-2020)", "Notice of accelerating the implementation of the strictest water resources management pilot work" and "views of the implementation of controlling agricultural non-point source pollution" published by the Ministry of Agriculture in April 2015 set agricultural water-saving as an important work to be the focus of attention. At present, agricultural water-saving depends strongly on facilities in water conservancy project in Shanghai while the construction of water-saving management and incentive mechanisms are relatively weak. It is of great significance to carry out the investigation and evaluation of agricultural water-saving management, analyze the status and characteristics of different irrigation water management mode, and discuss the countermeasures of water-saving management and incentive mechanisms.According to the characteristics that Shanghai agricultural water consumption continued high, low efficiency, small scale and scattered in irrigation area, diverse in irrigation management mode, using literature research, investigation and mathematical statistics analysis method, and also combing Shanghai agricultural water irrigation management model, analyze and contrast the characteristics of different irrigation and shortcomings of the management model and probes into the countermeasures and the incentive mechanisms of Shanghai agricultural water management in three aspects such as the government’s macroeconomic control, market regulation and public participation. To investigate the Shanghai agricultural water management measures, from the macro management of the government mechanism, public participation mechanism, water price adjustment mechanism in order to provide decision support and reference for Shanghai and other southern plain river network area to develop water-saving agriculture.The main research results of this paper are embodied in the following aspects:(1) The main features of Shanghai agricultural water utilization is, on the one hand, the continued high agricultural water consumption, agricultural water use efficiency is low, there is still a large gap between the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water from the most stringent water management system assessment goals; on the other hand, because of the shortage of water resources and the extensive mode of management of agricultural water use, the contradictions between high water consumption and low output of agriculture and industrial water resources optimization configuration are prominent. The importance and urgency of water-saving agriculture is more obvious.(2) Through the investigation the status of Shanghai agricultural water management, agricultural water management in Shanghai has the following characteristics:Implement the water using license system to control the source of agricultural water, but as lack of quantitative management, water use quota management is difficult to carry out; the current agricultural water charge is "irrigation fee" (not including water resources fee), and also lack of effective water price incentive mechanism.(3) In this paper through the field research of irrigation area, teasing out four kind of Shanghai agricultural irrigation management mode:"village committee collective management mode", "contract management mode", "family farm manage itself mode", "enterprise contract management mode". The four kinds of irrigation water management model are compared according to water consumption per unit area, the "enterprise contract management mode" is better than the others. It has two characteristic. Firstly, the users financing irrigation management cost themselves, and the economic benefits of water conservation incite water users conduct water-saving initiatively. Secondly, water-saving management receives technical service and support, the irrigation efficiency will be improved, but all those four kinds of water management pattern still need to be further improved in water price adjustment, quantitative management and water-saving performance appraisal.(4) Aiming at the current problems on the measurement management, water consumption quota management, water price adjustment and the irrigation methods of agricultural water conservation in Shanghai, the article puts forward water-saving countermeasures for agriculture such as:improving finer management based on integrated metering infrastructures, advancing water consumption quota revision and implementation, adopting ladder-like agricultural water price and constructing incentive and compensation mechanisms, developing advanced water-saving irrigation techniques, and promoting water-saving propaganda and public education. Improving agricultural irrigation water-saving management’s supervision and evaluation mechanisms, and establishing and improving the evaluation system of agricultural water-savingThis research work is supported by the major research project "Research on the construction of water-saving society" (No:11JZD024) and the Shanghai Water Authority’s project:"water resources survey of Shanghai (irrigation district)".