Technical Research On Maize Optimized Fertilization In Black Soil In Keshan County

According to the characteristics of cold climate, short crop growth period, poor soil nutrientavailability at the early stage of the crop growth in KeShan County,effect of the optimalfertilization technology on maize growth and development,yield and economic benefit of black soilarea is studied.The objective of this study is to clear optimum fertilization period and fertilizationamount, get a suitable fertilization method for different regions of KeShan County, and reduce cost,improve maize yield and quality, increase farmers’ income. The main results were as follows:1. Nitrogen fertilizer was still the key factor to limit maize production. Application nitrogenhad obvious role in promoting maize growth and yield, the optimal amount of nitrogen for maizewas N100-150kg/ha.2. Phosphate fertilizer had significant positive effect on maize growth and yield. Consideringfrom the yield, economic benefits and risk of fertilization, in P2O545-180kg/ha range, therecommended amount of phosphorus was P2O590kg/ha.3. Potassium fertilizer could obviously increase maize yield. Compare to no Potassium,application Potassium treatment could increase the average yield of889kg/ha, increase rate of12.3%, economic benefit388yuan/ha. Maize production could be increased7.9kg by appling1kgK2O.Comprehensive considering from the aspects of maize yield and ecomonic benefit, potassiumfertilizer recommended amount for maize is75K2O kg/ha.4. The balanced fertilization had obvious positive effects on maize yield and economicbenefits.Compare to OPT treatment, maize economic benefit was decreased by1307yuan/ha,564yuan/ha,740yuan/ha,322yuan/ha and699yuan/ha and439yuan/ha respectively, in the sixtreatments including no nitrogen fertilizer,no phosphorus fertilizer, no potassium fertilizer,nosulfur fertilizer, no Znic fertilizer and no fertilizer treatment.5. Under different nitrogen level, the highest yield was achieved by the treatment of100%ofN application. At the same nitrogen level, the highest grain yield was obtained by treatment of BU(40%B+60%T), the mixing application of controlled release urea and common ones has similaryield effect with one time top dressing. Nitrogen uptake followed similar trends to grain yield.100%of nitrogen application was obtained with highest nitrogen uptake and nitrogen useefficiency. Nitrogen uptake were reduced with decreasing rate of nitrogen applied. Residualnitrogen was decreased with soil depth,and nitrogem application increased residual nitrogen in0-90cm soil depth. BU40%B+60%T treatment was obtained with lowest N residual,(40%BU+60%CRU)B was second among the four treatments.