| Butyric acid was reported to be beneficial for promoting animal growth andmaintaining health. Tributyrin is the important precursor substance of butyric acid. The aimof the study is to determine the effect of tributyrin (TB) on the intestinal morphology,activity of disaccharidase, energy status, and anti-oxidative capacity, inflammatoryresponses in small intestine of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged broilers.240healthyone-day-old male Cobb broilers (45.1±0.5g) were randomly assigned into three treatmentgroups: control group (broilers fed basal diet); coated sodium butyrate group (broilers fedbasal diet supplemented with877mg/kg30%coated sodium butyrate); tributyrin group(broilers fed basal diet supplemented with500mg/kg45%tributyrin). On day22, twentychickens from control group were assigned into two treatment subgroups: control group(broilers fed basal diet and receiving intraperitoneal administration of sterile saline); LPSgroup (broilers fed basal diet and receiving intraperitoneal administration of LPS). Twentybroilers from coated sodium butyrate group were assigned into two treatment subgroups:SB group (broilers fed basal diet supplemented with877mg/kg30%coated sodiumbutyrate and receiving intraperitoneal administration of sterile saline); SB+LPS group(broilers fed basal diet supplemented with877mg/kg30%coated sodium butyrate andreceiving intraperitoneal administration of LPS). Another twenty broilers from tributyringroup were assigned into two treatment subgroups: TB group (broilers fed basal dietsupplemented with500mg/kg45%tributyrin and receiving intraperitoneal administrationof sterile saline); TB+LPS group (broilers fed basal diet supplemented with500mg/kg45%tributyrin and receiving intraperitoneal administration of LPS). On days25,27,29ofthe trial, broilers of control group, SB group, and TB group received intraperitonealadministration of sterile saline, whereas those of LPS and SB+LPS group, and TB+LPSgroup were administrated with LPS. The results of the trial as follows:(1) In the non-challeged broilers, TB increased (P>0.05) the average daily gain(4.3%);In tne challenged broilers, compared with the control group, the average daily gain of LPSgroup was decreased (P<0.05) between d25and29of the trial, TB increased (P>0.05) the average daily gain(9.1%) compared with LPS group.(2) In the non-challeged broilers, there was no positive effect of TB in intestinalmucosal morphological structure, TB increased (P<0.05) villus height in the ileumcompared with SB; In tne challenged broilers, compared with the control group, LPS groupexhibited an increase (P<0.05) in crypt depth in the ileum, and a decreased (P<0.05) invillus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the duodenum, TB+LPSexhibited a decrease (P>0.05) in crypt depth in the ileum, an increase (P>0.05) in the ratioof villus height to crypt depth in the ileum, villus height and the ratio of villus height tocrypt depth in the duodenum in TB+LPS group decreased (P<0.05), villus height increased(P<0.05) in the ileum compared with SB+LPS group.(3) In the non-challeged broilers, dietary supplementation of TB increased (P<0.05)the activity of isomaltase in the jejunal and sucrase in the ileal mucosa of broilers, anddecreased (P<0.05) jejunal activities of sucrase compared with control group, TB groupshowed an decrease (P<0.05) in the duodenal sucrase and jejunal maltase, isomaltase,sucrase, a increased (P<0.05) in ileal sucrase compared with SB group; In tne challengedbroilers, LPS administration resulted in a decrease (P<0.05) in the activity of ilealisomaltase, TB+LPS group exhibited an increase (P<0.05) in maltase in duodenal mucosa,and a decrease (P<0.05) in isomaltase in the duodenum and jejunum compared with LPSgroup, the activities of maltase (duodenum, jejunum) and sucrase (jejunum, ileum)increased (P<0.05), and the activities of isomaltase in duodenum decreased (P<0.05) in theTB+LPS group compared with SB+LPS group.(4) In the non-challeged broilers, dietary supplementation of TB increased (P<0.05)the ADP, TAN in the jejunum compared with control group, TB group exhibited anincrease (P<0.05) in ATP, and EC in the ileum compared with SB group.; In tne challengedbroilers, in comparison with the control group, the ATP and EC were decreased (P<0.05) inthe ileal, whereas the ratio of AMP/ATP was increased (P<0.05) under LPS challenge,compared with LPS group, LPS+TB group exhibited an increase (P<0.05) in ATP (in theduodenum and ileum), TAN (in the ileum), and EC (in the ileum), in addition, the duodenal,and ileal AMP/ATP was decreased (P<0.05) in LPS+TB group compared with LPS group; (5) In the non-challeged broilers, dietary supplementation of TB increased (P<0.05)the activity of catalase (CAT) in the ileum in comparison with the control group, comparedwith SB group, TB group exhibited an increased (P<0.05) in the content ofmalondialdehyde (MDA)(in the jejunum), CAT, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)(in theduodenum, jejunum), total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)(in the ileum); In tne challenged broilers, compared with the control group, LPSchallenge significantly increased (P<0.05) the content of MDA (in the ileum), and iNOS(in the jejunum), whereas dramatically decreased (P<0.05) activities of GSH-Px (in theduodenum) and CAT (in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), compared with the LPSgroup, LPS+TB group exhibited a decrease (P<0.05) in TNOS (in the duodenum, ileum),iNOS (in the jejunum and ileum), and an increase (P<0.05) in the activity of CAT (in theduodenum, jejunum, and ileum), TB+LPS group showed a decrease (P<0.05) in ileal MDA,CAT, duodenal TNOS, and jejunal iNOS, and an increase (P<0.05) in CAT (in theduodenum, jejunum), GSH-Px (in the jejunum).(6) In the non-challenged broilers, TB reduced (P<0.05) jejunal interleukin-1β (IL-1β)and timor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), increased (P<0.05) cortisol (COR)(in the duodenum,ileum), compared with SB group, TB group showed an increase (P<0.05) in IL-1β (in theduodenum), interleukin-6(IL-6)(in the ileum), COR (in the duodenum, ileum); In thechallenged broilers, in comparison with the control group, LPS increased (P<0.05) TNF-α(in the duodenum, ileum), and COR (in the duodenum), TB+LPS group exhibited anincrease (P<0.05) in TNF-α (in the jejunum), and a decrease (P<0.05) in prostaglandin E2(PGE2), COR (in the duodenum) compared with LPS group, compared with SB+LPSgroup, TB+LPS group exhibited an increase (P<0.05) in duodenal IL-1β, jejunal TNF-αand COR, and a decrease in COR in the duodenum and ileum(P<0.05).In conclusion, dietary supplementation with500mg/kg45%TB enhanced mucosalmorphological structure and the activities of disaccharidase in the duodenum and ileum,improved the intestinal mucosal energy status, enhanced the intestinal anti-oxidativecapacity, and inhibited the release of PGE2, COR in the duodenum of LPS-challenged broilers. |
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