Study On The Environmental Effect Of Soil In Different Conservation Tillage Measures In Jujube Orchard Of Tarim Basin

Development of agroforestry in arid areas, water is restricting factors. Because of less rainfall insouthern Xinjiang region, artificial irrigation is the main method. Different Conservation Tillage Model injujube orchard of Southern Xinjiang is to improve not only the soil quality, but also the ecological andeconomic benefits. This experiment begins2012year. The main contect is to analysis the effect of differenttreatment (the combination of different tillage measures with cover treatments) on soil moisture,temperature, organic matter, total salt content and growth of jujube, jujube fruit yield and quality.(1) Straw mulching measures significantly increased the soil water storage of1m soil layer in thegrowth stage in two years. In2012year, No-till straw mulching treatment is better than ploughing strawmulching treatment at improving soil pondage, but in2013year, the result is opposite. Cultivationmeasures can reinforce the penetration of the soil, increase soil porosity, more accelerated the moistureinfiltration, improve the deep soil water content. The temperature of soil surface under plastic mulching istoo high, Upper soil moisture content is very high, but the lower levels decrease obviously.(2) The soil bulk density of No-till straw mulching treatment and plastic mulching treatment isimproved, and cultivation measures significantly decrease the soil bulk density. No-tillage treatment canlower the soil air permeability. The more years, the soil is more tight. Ploughing and rotary tillage bothincrease soil porosity, The correlation between soil moisture and soil porosity is more significant with theincrease of year, which is benefit for the growth of jujube trees.(3) Under different treatment, Soil temperature decreased with increasing soil depth. The impact ofdifferent treatment on soil temperature is mainly5cm and10cm soil layer. The soil temperature of plasticmulching appears earlier than others, and is higher than others. Daytime temperature difference of it isbigger than others. The speed of soil temperature with straw mulching measures is low. When it reachedthe highest at atmospheric temperature, the soil temperature was lower than other treatment. It is Strawmulching cooling effect.(4) Straw mulching measures can improve the surface soil organic matter content, especially NStreatment. the tillage measures(RS、TS) can distribute organic matter effectively and uniformity in0-40cmsoil layer, and Soil organic matter content were improved obviously in0-60cm soil layer. Under No-tillstraw mulching treatment, there is no obviously increase of soil organic matter content in20-100cm soillayer. The soil organic content of plastic mulching is low, and Bare land treatment（NB、RB、TB）is noobvious effect. Under Straw mulching treatment, soil moisture content is proportional to the soil organicmatter. Straw mulching treatment can effectively reduce the soil salt content, the soil salinity conditions ofplastic mulching treatment is stable from the previous year fruit bud stage to the next year.(5) The straw mulching treatment is good for high dry and thick stems and secondary branch growth in two years. For the growth of secondary branch coarse, secondary branch coarse development ia stable andthe highest growth under plough with straw mulching treatment (TS).For jujube fruit diameter longitudinaland transverse diameter growth, straw mulching treatment, was better than coated and bare land treatment,under the no-tillage treatment (NS), jujube fruit diameter longitudinal and transverse diameter growth isbeyond2cm, processing jujube fruit under longitudinal diameter and diameter growth in2013to more than2cm. for two consecutive years. The performance of Tillage straw mulching treatment (RS, TS) is the sameas the no-tillage treatment’s(NS) in2013year.(6) Jujube total acid content of ploughing under the straw mulching is the highest for two consecutiveyears. The jujube fruit soluble sugar content of ploughing measures (TB, TS, TF) are higher than otherprocessing. Straw mulching measures (TS, RS, NS) improve jujube fruit of Vc content obviously, and arehigher than other processing in2013. Under the plastic mulching treatment and bare land treatment, redjujube yield, water use efficiency are lower than the contrast (RB) in two years. Red jujube outputs ofploughing straw processing are11045.8kg·hm-2and24564.58kg·hm-2which are both highest. In theseaspects, Performance of Straw mulching treatment (TS, RS, NS) is fine, especially ploughing strawmulching treatment.In general, Ploughing straw processing can improve the soil moisture, especially deep soil moisture,the quality of soil and the jujube fruit, the jujube fruit yield, it has economic and ecological benefits forTarim Basin region.