| Grape (Vitis) is deciduous vines, is one of the oldest plants in the world. Now it is one of the important cultivation fruits in China, it has high nutritional value and good economic benefit, so it has important value of research, development and utilization. There are four populations according to their distribution. In this test we used 6 varieties of grapes--Wink, Shine Muscat, Italia, Black Peak, Jade Finger and Beauty Means as experimental materials, by using GC-MS, LC-MS and other instruments we studied their appearance qualities, types of anthocyanins, contents of procyanidins and aroma components. We hope this test can provide some theoretical basises to improve the grape economic value. The main results are as follows:1. Different grape varieties lead to different qualities, including shape, size, weight, color, flavor, etc. In the six varieties, Black Peak had the highest average weight 11.513 g; the longitudinal diameter of Beauty Means refered to the maximum, and the transverse diameter was the minimum, so the fruit shape index was the largest 2.422. and Black Peak’s shape index was the minimum,1.130; The content of soluble solids of Shine Muscat was the highest,17.200%, the lowest was Italia,12.833%; The L value of Shine Muscat. Italia and Jade Finger were bigger, their peels had shallow color, Black Peak and Wink were smaller, their peels were darker; The Shine Muscat’s peel was green, shallow, had the most pure color; Wink’s grape peel color was deeper, and the purity was low.2. Grapes’ smell were different, in addition to varieties, also influenced by climatic conditions, cultivation management and so on. In the study we detected 71 kinds of compounds from 6 varieties. They had the same aroma components, and also had its unique composition. Aldehyde materials were the highest in Black Peak, Beauty Means. Jade Finger and Wink, the main material was 2-Hexenal. The relative contents of alcohol materials were the highest in Italia and Shine Muscat, the main material was Cyclopentanol,2-methyl-, (1R,2R)-rel-. Some aroma constituents can be extracted to make spiceor additive, by this can improve the economic value of grapes.3. In this study, significant difference was found in the contents of procyanidins and its monomers from different varieties of grape. So was from different parts of the same fruit varieties. In general, the contents of proanthocyanidins, catechin and epicatechin in peels were lower than seeds; there were no significant differences in the contents of catechin and epicatechin; the content of proanthocyanidins in peels from Black Peak was the highest,88.998 mg/g; the contents of proanthocyanidins, catechin and epicatechin in seeds from the grapes of Italia, Jade Finger and Shine Muscat were higher; the contents of catechin and epicatechin in seeds from the grapes of Shine Muscat were the highest, they were 25.958 and 20.532 mg/g; and the content of proanthocyanidins in seeds from the grape of Italia was the highest,293.327 mg/g. The peels of the three kinds of grapes all have light colours, on the basis of reasoning, the seeds of light colour grapes were the best sources to obtain proanthocyanidins and its monomer in production practice.4. Grape peels’colors are different, anthocyanins were varied detected in the peels, the varieties of anthocyanins in grape also were not completely the same in similar color. This study identified 14 kinds of anthocyanins, they were divided into red colors and yellow colors. For a kind of grape skin color, was determined by a variety of pigment. Some pigment can showed itself color features in appearance, others did not show in appearance. Due to differences in the types and contents of anthocyanins, formed the unique color of various varieties. |
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