The Physioolgical And Biochemical Response To Wine Grapes Reinfected By Different Endophyte Strains

The advantages of longer industrial chain and environmental friendly properties make the grape and Wine industry deserved to be greatly developed. Wine quality and characteristics mainly depend on wine grapes and the wine brewing process, and the quality of berries is a fundamental. Wine grape berries contain sugar, organic acid, protein, vitamin, phenols and other nutritional ingredients, the composition and ratio of all these components is the internal factor to determine the quality of wine grapes..Factors that influence the quality of wine grapes are both the genetic character of variety and vineyard environment, In addition to genetic factors, much have been researched on influences of various non-biological and biological factors effect on the quality of wine grapes. However, whether endophytic fungi as one of the environmental factors could also influence the quality of the wine grape is poorly understood. Therefore, this study was chosen9strains of endophytic fungi which were isolated from grapevines in our formal work, and re-inoculated to the young leaves of grapevine in the field. At the ripen stage of grape we did measurements to the appearance quality, analysis of folia endophytic fungi communities, and physiological and biochemical parameters to both the leaves and berries. By analyzing all acquired experimental data, we got the following results:1. No obvious effects on leaf area and inter-nodes distances were found after the re-inoculation of endophytic fungi. The infection of strains of Xylaria sp. and Chaetomium sp. obviously promoted the size and weight of berries. Several strains of endophytic fungi has certain positive effect on improving ripeness of grape clusters.2. In total746strains of endophytic fungi were separated and identified from full developed vine leaves of infected by different endophytic regents, and all these isolated endophytic fungi belonged to11genera,12species. Many of the inoculated endophytic fungus were found within the isolated fungi. The higher dosage re-inoculation of other endophytic fungi strains can significantly alternate the status of communities of folia endopytic fungi in grapevines, in structure, dominance, richness and diversity. But whatever endophytic fungus we inoculated, Alternaria sp.is always the most dominant endophytic fungal genera in the grapevine leaves. And the genera Phaseolorum and Phoma Macrostoma are rare genera.3. Endophytic fungi re-infect can significantly influence the physiological and bio-chemical status in both leaves and berries of wine grape. And different strains of endophytic fungus re-inoculation has caused the different effects to the physiological and bio-chemical status in leaves and berries of grapevine. In leaf, compared to the control, inoculation with multiple strains of fungi mixture could significantly increase the content of titratable acid. The content of vitamin C and total protein were seen increased to different extent, after the inoculation of different endophytic fungi. The content of total flavone were seen significantly reduced in most of the treatment groups. Endophytic fungus infection significantly reduced the content of total phenol and reducing sugar, but increased the reduction ability.In berry samples, different treatments has increased the content of titratable acid. Re-inoculation of Chaetomium sp. processing significantly increased the contents of titratable acid and total flavones. Most treatments promoted the contents of vitamin C and total protein in berry, declined the content of soluble solids. Re-infection of Colletotrichum sp. Significantly increased the content of reducing sugar. Endophytic fungi re-inoculation have showed the promoting effects of antioxidant capacity of grape berries;In short, Endophytic fungi re-infection can affect the appearance quality of wine grapes, and significantly alternate the original structure of endophyte in grape leaves, and influaence the physiological and biochemical status of grape leaves and berries. Different endophyte infection cause different effects on folia endophytic fungi structures in leaves and physiological status of leaf and berry, but need more further research evidences. This experiment has provided some foundation for the further study of quality regulation and its mechanism by using fungal endopytes.