The Research On The Selection Of Keynote And Backbone Tree Species In Harbin City

The composition of keynote tree species and backbone tree species is a reflection of regional artificial vegetation landscape features.And the choice and reasoning of keynote tree species and backbone tree species are based on the survival adaptability, sustainability and scenic landscape demand under different habitats in Harbin. The selection of tree species of green space system planning in Harbin had revised 2 times in 2006 and 2012. Among the selected backbone tree species, Acer negundo% Cornus stolonifara and Ligustrum obtusifolium often have insect pests, death, or have a cold frost damage. They are the introduced resources rather than natural distribution plant and often do not adapt to the change of climate. The author have different ideas and scientific basis for tree species selection results. Therefore, the research from different perspectives, scientifically choose the inference method of Harbin keynote and backbone tree, choose suitable tree species as the research target. In order to provide a scientific basis of the types of artificial vegetation construction composition and regional construction of plant landscape characteristic features.The study has selected four natural vegetation type characteristics of cases and they are Fenghuang mountain and Liangshui of Northeast Forestry University in Yichun which are Within 320 km radius from Harbin and Sanjiang plain which is the location of Harbin. In order to choose the dominant tree species、pioneer species and higher frequency species in the natural vegetation communities; The study has chosen 240 sample plots which are representative and typical, covering 6 administrative partition,5 different botanical garden green space types,on the basis of plant species composition data that the early stage of the study of Harbin since 1980.The data contains three tree species lists and the distribution of tree species including old and famous tree species、forest botanical garden and different green plant species composition data resources build by the team of Northeast Forestry University in nearly 15 years; Combining with the tree species selection by the design institute and ornamental characteristic; Primary and runoff about keynote tree species and backbone tree species are based on the 5 factors of investigation. The results of this study are as follows:1、The selection of keynote trees and backbone trees in the number and species composition are different from that of 2006 and 2012.The same species of tone trees are 3 kinds, and backbone trees species are 12 kinds.Reducing the external introduction are 5 kinds, an increasing of 11 kinds of tree species.2、The determined keynote tree species contains 5 kinds,4 kinds of arbors:Ulmus pumila、Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica、Quercus mongolica、Picea koraiensis; A kind of shrubs:Syringa oblata.The determined backbone tree species contains 24 kinds,16 kinds of arbors:Juniperus rigida、Juglans mandshurica、Betula platyphylla、Pinus tabulaeformis var.mukdensis、 Salix matsudana、Gleditsia japonica、Tilia amurensis、Tilia mandshurica、Pinus koraiensis、Larix gmelinii、Populus simonii、Populus alba、Maackia amurense、Acer mono、Prunus padus、Prunus salicina; 6 kinds of shrubs:Syringa reticulata var. amurensis、Crataegus arborescens、Forsythia mandshuria、Rosa xanthina、Prunus triloba、Armeniaca sibirica、Lonicera maackii; 2 kind of vine:Vitis amurensis、Schisandra chinensis.3、There are 116 kinds application landscape tree species in the 240 plots spreading six urban areas, belonging to 29 families,53 genera; as the main application tree species. During the study, different tree species in Harbin application characteristics were as follows:sobers and shrubs proportion of the number of plant species have class homosexual. Park Green 1:0.9, enterprises Green belt 1:0.9, residential greenbelts 1:0.9, green schools:10.9, road greenbelt 1: 0.8. While shrubs planted proportion of the number are different, green parks 1:2,1 green enterprises:1.2, residential greenbelts 1:0.89, school green 1:1.5, road greenbelt 1:0.9. Description school green space design in the application is of more space with separate bush, and shrub layer design is of the largest proportion of the area; And living green shrub layer design sight is permeability oriented design.