| Genetic variations of GPR41 and GPR43 genes were detected by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing techniques in 403 individuals of three populations(Jiaxian cattle, Luxi cattle and Qinchuan populations). And association analysis was carried out to explore genetic polymorphism, genetic structure and the effects of genotypes of polymorphic loci on body size traits(body weight, body height, body length, chest tube circumference, abdominal circumference, etc.) of three breeds. The objectives were to discover the hereditary characteristics and to explore molecular markers with significant effects on economic important traits for efficient selection and improvement of cattle, and to provide genetic information for protection and usage of breed resource of cattle, foundation of molecular marker database, efficient selection and improvement of cattle.In this study, six loci(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6) of GPR41 gene and seven loci(P7, P8, P9, P10, P11, P12, P13) of GPR43 gene were detected in three cattle populations. Association analysis of genetic variation with caprine body size traits was shown.The results were as follows:1 Polymorphisms of cattle GPR41 gene and its correlations with body size traitsGPR41, which also known as FFAR3, is one of the largest body of G protein coupled receptor protein membrane receptors(GPCRS) superfamily members. Ruminants require substantial yield of short-chain fatty acids as an energy source and that is the key step to regulate the perception of nutrients. This function mainly rely on the G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRS), GPR41 receptors can perceive as fatty short chain fatty acids derived from the digestion chamber. GPR41 can also promote the secretion of leptin, and also regulate lipid and energy metabolism, weight control and so on.In this study, one SNP P3(c.+498A>G) at six loci of cattle GPR41 gene were identified. At c.+498A>G locus, A3A3, A3B3 and B3B3 genotypes were detected. This mutation is located on exon 2 of the gene, which did not result in changes to the amino acids.In Jiaxian cattle, the loci P3 of GPR41 gene different genotypes had a significant effect on body weight and body length(P<0.05). Genotype A3A3 individuals had 10.83% and 14.99%, body weight more than genotype A3B3 and B3B3. Genotype A3A3 individuals had 4.42% and 5.93%, body weight more than genotype A3B3 and B3B3. There was no significant correlation with the locus of polymorphism of luxi and Qinchuang cattle growth traits(P> 0.05).2 Polymorphisms of cattle GPR43 gene and its correlations with body size traitsGPR43, which is also known as FFAR2, like GPR41, also is one of the G proteincoupled receptors(GPCRS) superfamily members.I It plays an important role for animal absorption of nutrients and energy homeostasis regulation. GPR41 and GPR43 are the only two confirmed specificity of short-chain fatty acid receptors up to date.In this study, five SNPs at seven loci of cattle GPR43 gene were identified. Loci P7(c.-1085T>C) had a genetic variation in the 5’UTR. At c.-1085T>C locus, A7A7, A7B7 and B7B7 genotypes were detected. There were three sites of genetic variation P8, P10 and P12(c.+36T>C, c.+401C>T, and c.+612T>C) in the coding. Three genotypes were all detected in these three SNPs, they were: A8A8, A8B8 and B8B8, A10A10, A10B10 and B10B10, A12A12, A12B12 and B12B12 respectively. And there was a genetic variation sites P13(c.+1009 G>A) in the 3’UTR. At c.+1009G>A locus, A13A13, A13B13 and B13B13 genotypes were detected. The c.+401C>T mutations caused GPR43 protein V(GTC) 134 A(GCC) the change of the amino acid, and the rest of the c.+36T>C and c.+612G>A were synonymous mutations, did not cause the change of the amino acids.In Jiaxian cattle, GPR43 gene locus P7 different genotypes had significant effect on body weight, body length, chest depth(P <0.05). Genotype A7B7 individuals had 7.10% and 8.10% more body weight than those with genotype A7A7 and B7B7. Genotype A7B7 individuals had 2.86% and 3.76% longer body length than those with genotype A7A7 and B7B7. Genotype A7B7 individuals had 3.1% and 3.80% chest deep more than those with genotype A7A7 and B7B7. P8 different genotypes had significant effect on body weight and chest circumference. Genotype A8A8 individuals had 8.58% and 5.00% body weight more than those with genotype A8B8 and B8B8. Genotype A8A8 individuals had 3.20% and 1.57% chest circumference more than those with genotype A8B8 and B8B8. Different genotypes P10 loci had a significant effect on body weight, chest circumference, height at hip cross and chest deep. Genotype A10B10 individuals had 10.48% and 6.51% body weight more than those with genotype A10A10 and B10B10. The chest circumference of individuals with genotype A10B10 was 4.06% and 2.13%more than those with genotype A10A10 and B10B10. The height at hip cross of individuals with genotype A10B10 was 5.61% and 1.02% more than those with genotype A10A10 and B10B10. The chest deep of individuals with genotype A10B10 was 5.58% and 2.54% more than those with genotype A10A10 and B10B10. In Luxi bovine population, GPR43 gene locus P7 different genotypes had significant effect on body weight, abdominal circumference(P<0.05). The body weight of individuals with genotype A7B7 was 10.59% and 13.62% more than those with genotype A7A7 and B7B7. The abdominal circumference of individuals with genotype A7B7 was 4.71% and 4.90% more than those with genotype A7A7 and B7B7. GPR43 gene locus P10 different genotypes had significant effect on body weight, abdominal circumference, abdominal circumference(P<0.05). The body weight of individuals with genotype A10B10 was 11.62% and 9.95% more than those with genotype A10A10 and B10B10. The chest circumference of individuals with genotype A10B10 was 4.61% and 3.94% more than those with genotype A10A10 and B10B10. The abdominal circumference of individuals with genotype A10B10 was 4.00% and 5.14% more than those with genotype A10A10 and B10B10. In Qinchuan groups, GPR43 gene locus P10 different genotypes had significant effect on body weight(P<0.05). The body weight of individuals with genotype A10B10 was 22.61% and 17.91% more than those with genotype A10A10 and B10B10.In summary, genetic variants of GPR41 and GPR43 gene in cattle populations were revealed in the study for the first time. Six SNPs were identified.GPR41 gene: c +498 A>G; GPR43 gene: c.-1085T>C, +36T>C, +401C>T,+612T>C and +1009 G>A. Association analysis showed P3, P7, P8 and P10 loci of polymorphic types significantly related to growth and development traits in cattle, and they could be used as molecular markers for cattle meat trait breeding. |
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