| Gerbera(Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) is a perennial evergreen herbaceous flower of compositae gerbera. It is broadly favored because of the rich colors and wide adaptability. Gerbera can anniversary blossom even in protective cultivation, and the flower yield rate is high, thus containing high economic benefit. Gerbera cultivation has become an important choice in the agriculture industrial structure adjustment in different provinces of China. It is also an important industry in the development of county economy and a new highlight to improve farmers’income.In recent years, the demand of gerbera germchit is increasing and the scale of planting gerbera is being expansion year by year. However, at the same time the overall quality of gerbera germchit is inferior resulted from the poor facilities and nursing way backward of nursery stock enterprises. Therefore, the enterprises mainly rely on price war to occupy the market. The quality of flowers is cutting down because of lack of the awareness of nursing good quality plants, resulting in cheap price for flowers. Meanwhile, gerbera plants production costs are increasing everday, for the human costs, the prices of raw-material and power continue to rise. Thus, the market competition is becoming more and more serious. All these factors seriously restricted the rapid, healthy development of gerbera industry. Today, there are several challenges should be overcome to satisfy the development of gerbera cut flower production, such as:how to stabilize the high survival rate of nursing plantlets? how to produce high quality plants through more efficient way and at lower cost?In order to solve above problems, here the key technology on tissue culture and rapid propagation of Gerbera for large scale production were investigated. At the same time, nursing Gerbera jamesonii on moist tray, analysis of the operation cost and cost control were also studied. The main results are as follows.1. The study of key technology on tissue culture and rapid propagation of Gerbera for large scale productionBased on the study on the formula of proliferation, the different cutting operation, the different light conditions, the seedling culture and the rooting culture of Gerbera, the appropriate conditions for large scale production of Gerbera were specified The results show that:In the proliferation stage, hormones of KT, BA applied alternately or applied simultaneously can efficiently avoid seedling weakening or even glass the causes improper use of hormone, so that large quantities of intermediate propagation can stably grow in the proliferation process. The optimal cutting operation for Gerbera jamesonii subculture is to "remove the leaves and small shoots, retain 1/2 basal callus". The approach can not only raise the operation efficiency, but also shorten the subculture cycle and improve the proliferation coefficient. That dark culture in the first 3 days after subculture could satisfy the needs of production and it was energy-saving, effectively save about 15% of the light energy. Plant growth was improved when cytokinin decreased and auxin increased in culture media. Small and weak buds ratio were reduced, synchronizing the proliferation and strong seedling. It is also conducive to improve the separation efficiency and after rooting culture. The optimum rooting medium was 1/2MS+IAA0.5mg/L+IBA0.5mg/L+ AC1.0g/L, The rooting time is short, the rooting effect is good.2. Studies on tissue plants nursing on moist tray of Gerbera jamesoniiAt present there is few report on the gerbera moist nursing,here we perform a preliminary study on this technology. Based on the comparison of the moist nursing, the tray nursing and the traditional soil bed nursing, we studied the average daily temperature changes in winter greenhouse nursing period, time for growing new leaves, survival rate, the growth of aboveground plant and underground root, the nursing cost and the recovery growth period after field transplanting etc. Our results show that:compared to the tray nursing and traditional soil bed nursing, Gerbera moist nursing is not only suitable for nursing in winter, but also shows advantages in growing new leaves for short time, high survival rate, high uniformity, low nursing cost, recovery growth quickly after field transplanting. Therefore, Gerbera moist nursing is applicable for industrialized tissue plants nursing production and worth to widely generalize.3.The cost calculation and cost control on gerbera tissue plants productionTissue culture plants production is not only a professional technology, but also an enterprise management science for pursuing benefit. Cost analysis in tissue plants production is the basis of enterprise management because production cost is closely bound up enterprise benefit at all times. Good cost analysis can enable enterprises to find the problems existing in the production process, then the efficiency of enterprises can be increased by strengthening the weak link and reducing the waste of resources in production. In this paper, Gerbera tissue plants production cost structure, cost analysis and how to reduce the cost and improve the economic benefits of Gerbera jamesonii were analyzed with a company giving an annual output of 5,000,000 strains of Gerbera tissue plants as an example. The results showed that:an annual output of 5,000,000 strains of Gerbera jamesonii plantlets costs about 1,245,000 yuan, annual profit of enterprises under normal circumstances is about 500,000 to 1,500,000 yuan. Our data provide helpful reference for enterprise conducting Gerbera germchit production. |
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