| As the rapid development of agriculture, people produce lots of agricultural wastes every year. But the way that we dispose of them is simple and rough. Eco-organic soilless culture is the main type of soilless culture. So the agricultural wastes used in soilless culture substrate through composting are not only a solution to the environment problem, but also a reduction of cost for soilless culture. The aim of this experiment was to find the optimal conditions for mushroom composting as a soilless culture substrate, providing optimized composting parameters for the actual production, and providing a scientific basis for the rapid utilization of the mushroom. Carbon nitrogen ratio and nitrogen source were investigated to determine their effects on the process of mushroom composting. The Carbon nitrogen ratio was set as three levels: 25:1, 30:1, 35:1. And the nitrogen sources were set as five levels: cow manure,chicken manure, a mixture of cow manure and urea, a mixture of chicken manure and urea,and urea. And the aim of the other study was to obtain the optimum proportion of perlite and vermiculite to composted corn stalks/mushroom for a good growing media in cucumber seedling, And ‘Jinchun 4’ cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) and ‘Jinpeng 1’tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) were took as experimental material. And it could be horticulturally acceptable as an alternative to commercial substrate or cucumber and tomato seedling culture. Main rearch results are as follows:1. The optimal conditions for mushroom composting as a soilless culture substrate: a C/N ratio of 30:1 and a mixture of cow manure or chicken manure and urea as an added nitrogen source for mushroom composting. Each 100 kg mushroom pile are added EM agents4 kg and a mixture of 21.12 kg cow manure +0.47 kg urea or a mixture 12.28 kg chicken manure+ 0.47 kg urea, and and the water content of each piles is adjusted to 60%. It can sustain high temperature, decreasing the mushroom composting period, and mushroom basically completed after 70 days.2. By using variance analysis method, the results from the study indicate that C/N ratio and nitrogen source have significant influence on composting accumulated temperature. The initial composting conditions are a C/N ratio of 30:1 and a mixture of cow manure or chicken manure and urea as an added nitrogen source, which have high composting accumulatedtemperature(1900.94 ℃,1876.43 ℃ and 1916.98 ℃ respectively) during the composting period. And two factors have no significant effect on C/N ratio. C/N ratio significant affected bulk density, total porosity, air filled porosity, water holding capacity, air-water ratio, pH and EC, and the water holding capacity of a C/N ratio of 30:1 is 84%, and bulk density and porosity tend to stable in the first 70 d. Nitrogen source have significant influence on bulk density, air filled porosity, water holding capacity, air-water ratio, pH and EC, and bulk density, water holding capacity, pH and EC tend to stable in the first 70 d that the initial composting conditions are a mixture of cow manure or chicken manure and urea as an added nitrogen source that means it can decrease the mushroom composting period.3. Seedling effects of agricultural waste composting substrates in cucumber: every growth indexes and physiological indexes of mushroom: vermiculite=1: 3(v/v), mushroom:vermiculite=1: 2(v/v), corn stalks: vermiculite: perlite=1: 1: 1(v/v/v) were better than CK.And these media can use as cucumber seedling substrates.4.Seedling effects of Agricultural Waste composting substrates in tomato: every growth indexes and physiological indexes of mushroom: vermiculite=1: 3(v/v), mushroom:vermiculite: perlite=1: 1: 1(v/v/v) were better than CK. And these media can use as tomato seedling substrates. |
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