| This test used polypropylene film mulching, straw mulching and plastic film mulching covering Standard Fuji apple tree for three years as three treatments, and used tree plate clean tillage as control group to study the effects of different kinds of mulching ways on soil water content, bulk density, available nutrient, enzyme activities, organic matter, soil microbe and nutrient conditions in leaves and branches, leaf photosynthetic indexes, total chlorophyll,hundred leaf weight. It was aimed to put forward a simple mulching management for non-irrigation apple orchards which were labor saving and high efficient Main research results are as follows:1. Three kinds of mulching covering all can raise the soil water content in 0 ~ 60 cm. In the surface of soil the highest one was polypropylene film mulching,straw mulching came second and the control treatment was the lowest, and in the 40 ~ 60 cm, plastic film mulching has the highest water content. After covering the trees in non-irrigation apple orchard, soil bulk density has varied degrees of decline compared with control treatment, also has significant difference with CK, and the best one is straw mulching, polypropylene film mulching followed. Mulching treatment made the soil loose breathable which help the trees and root development.2. Straw, polypropylene film and plastic film mulching had a high influence on soil nutrient in 0 ~ 20 cm of surface soil, but the improvement of 40 ~ 60 cm is not obvious; and the processing had different changing trends between different testing project. With the depth of the soil increases, the soil nutrients were reduced. In the surface soil, available P,ammonium-N is the highest with plastic film mulching, available K with polypropylene film mulching is best, while nitrate-N for straw mulching is best.3. Soil organic matter content has also improved under mulching treatment, especially with the straw mulching; Though the other two cover methods increased the soil organic matter content of each soil layer, the difference was not significant. The effect of mulching on soil enzyme activity was in 0 ~ 20 cm of soil, and with the deepening of the soil soil enzyme activity is reduced. Increase of organic matter and enzyme activity provided the soil nutrientswhich help soil nutrient ore into a tree to grow.4. About the Soil microbial community, bacteria is the most; and there would be more bacteria with the soil layer deepen. While Actinomycetes and mycete’s number were more in surface layer. And the community of microbial under straw mulching and polypropylene film mulching were more than that with plastic film mulching.5. Mulching treatment to a certain extent did raise the leaves and branches of Total N,Total P, Total K, total sugar and reducing sugar, such as storage nutrition, but control group was greater than the covering processing on starch. In addition to the soluble protein, the measurements showed that the leaves were greater than the branches. About the leaf photosynthetic indexes, the Pn, Gs and Tr had the same change trend, the highest one was polypropylene film mulching. Plastic film mulching came second and the control treatment was the lowest while the Ci had the concentration trend. While about the total chlorophyll and hundred leaf weight, polypropylene film mulching was the highest and plastic film mulching was the lowest, among the three treatments.Orchard mulching might be an effective agronomic measure on improving soil environment and tree nutrient. |
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