Study On Soil Microbial Diversity Of Camellia Oleifera

Camellia oleifera is a kind of peculiar oil resource with a brightly exploitative prospect in China.Because of the extensive management in Camellia oleifera forestland degradation,it is very important to maintain and improve the soil quailty of Camellia oleifera forestland.The microorganisms in soil were used to be the biological indicators to reflect forestland soil problems.It was significant to study the annual change of soil microorganisms in Camellia oleifera Stands.The research materials are the soil of 4 seasons in Camellia oleifera forestland under 3 management modes, such as natural grass, raising chicken under the forest and grass plantation. DNA sequences were determined by gene sequencing technology in ITS1 variable region of fungi and V3+V4 high variable region of bacteria, using the Upraise software statistics the number of sample’s sequence and OTU. It aims to anglicize different management modes of 4 seasons in Camellia oleifera forestland soil microorganism genetic diversity and community structure, and to investigate the effect of temperature on the microbial community by RAD.The main results are as follows:(1) The sequence alignment of OTU to Silva and UNITE database, a note to the microbial species of Camellia oleifera forestland were detected in soil of Zygomycota, Basidiomycota, Ascomycota,etc all together 6 phylums,27 classes,66 orders,126 families,Mortierella,Penicillium,etc 176 genuses,228 species of fungi;And the note also were detected in soil of Acidobacteria, Actino-bacteria,Bacteroidetes, and so on,altogether 24 phylums,53 classes,101 orders,196 families, Acidothermus, Bryobacter,etc 331 genuses,411 species of soil bacteria.(2) Analysising the soil microbial diversity in 3 management modes of 4 seasons was difference. The results showed that the soil microorganism of natural grass,grass plantation and raising chicken respectively contain 193,192,190 species of fungi and 393,380,408 kinds of bacteria.The forestland soil of natural grass fungi diversity indexs (Ace, Chao,Shannon) were the highest(751.40,755.32,4.919) and the forestland soil of raising chicken fungi were the lowest (623.64,626.06, 3.738). The forestland soil of natural raising chicken diversity indexs(Simpson) were the highest(0.060), and the forestland soil of natural grass raising chicken fu ngi were the lowest (0.028).The soil of natural grass’s bacteria diversity indexs (Ace,Chao) were the highest (1578.6,1595.7); the soil of grass plantation’s bacteria diversity indexs (Ace, Chao)were minimum(1523.0,1537.4);Simpson and Shannon index showed that soil bacteria uniform degree to natural grass were the highest (0.00944,5.7239); raising chicken were the lowest(0.02219,5.6018).(3) The analysis of Camellia oleifera forestland soil microbial diversity of seasonal change law. It is found that the soil fungal and bacterial species are as follows:Autumn> Summer> Spring> Winter; Autumn’s and Summer’s index(Ace, Chao,Shannon) greater than in Winter’s and Spring’s, and Autumn’s higher than summer’s; Simpson index came to conclusions diametrically opposed to indexs(Ace, Chao, Shannon)results.(4) Through the analysis of Camellia oleifera forestland soil fungal and bacterial community structure and species abundance, results show that:In natural grass forestland soil, Mortierella and Acidothermus relative abundance was the highest(12.17%, 4.63%);In grass plantation forestland soil, Dictyophora and Acidothermus relative abundance was the highest(7.86%,4.32%); In raising chicken forestland soil, Co-nocybe and Paenibacillus relative abundance was the highest(5.13%,6.69%).(5) RDA analysis found that soil fungi in the species of Clitopilus is the maximum positive correlation with temperature, showed the maximum negative correlation with the species of Eocronartium; RDA analysis found that soil bacteria in the species of Burkholderia is the maximum positive correlation with temperature, showed the maximum negative correlation with the species of Pseudolabrys.To sum up, the soil microbial diversity of Camellia oleifera forestland in different seasons and different management modes showed significant differences.3 kinds of management modes in natural grass soil microbial diversity was highest; and in 4 seasons with the highest microbial diversity in autumn.