| This experiment was to study the effects of the yeast-monascus-traditional Chinese medicine mixed preparation on production performance, egg quality and the ability of immune and antioxidant of Hyline Brown hens in the laying period, which provided the reference for the yeast-monascus mixed preparation appling on laying hens breeding production.288 Hyline Brown hens of 400 days, without significant difference (P> 0.05) among healthy, wight and lying rate, were randomly divided into four groups, each group has 72 chicken and three repeats. The control group(basic diet), experiment Ⅰ (basic diet+0.5% yeast-monascus mixed preparation), experiment Ⅱ (basic diet+0.25% yeast-monascus mixed preparation)and experiment Ⅲ(basic diet+0.5% yeast preparation). During the test,the laying hens were guaranteed self-feeding and freely drinking water. There were 56-day trial period including 7-day of pre-feeding period and 49-day formal test. The number of eggs, soft eggs, broken eggs, feed consumption and the dead hens were recorded everyday. The sample of feed, dung, blood, liver and eggs were collected in the way of the experimental program pre-made.The relevant index of production performance, egg quality and the ability of immune and antioxidant of the hens were determined according to the proposed test plan after the experiment. The experiment results showed that:(1) The layer chicken production performance:Compared with the control group, the test group layers of laying rate was significantly increased by 6.5% (P< 0.05), egg production was significantly increased by 18.4% (P< 0.05) and ratio of feed to egg was reduced by 37.9% significantly(P< 0.05).(2) The apparent digestibility of nutrients to the diet of laying hens:Compared with the control group, the apparent digestibility of dry matter of the yeast-monascus-traditional Chinese medicine mixed preparation group was significantly increased by 13.7% (P<0.05), the apparent digestibility of crude protein was significantly higher than the control group by 26.0% (P<0.05).Compared with the control group, calcium apparent digestibility was significantly increased by 27.9%, (P <0.05).(3) The excretion rate of nitrogen and phosphorus:The excretion rate of the nitrogen and phosphorus the yeast -monascus-traditional Chinese medicine mixed preparation groups ware significant lower than the control group, which decreased respectively by 16.29% (P<0.05) and 13.9% (P<0.05).(4) The flora in the intestine and faeces of laying hens:The lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria of the yeast -monascus-traditional Chinese medicine mixed preparation groups were significantly higher than the control group, which increased respectively by 27% (P<0.05) and 39.43% (P<0.05). The number of aerobic bacteria and E. Coli of the yeast -monascus-traditional Chinese medicine mixed preparation groups were significantly lower than the control group, decreased respectively by 34.71% (P<0.05) and 39.04% (P<0.05).(5) In terms of quality of eggs:Compared with the control group,the yeast-Monascus medicine mixed preparation eggshell and eggshell strength had significantly improved brightness, eggshell strength increased by 4.28% (P <0.05).Eggshell brightness was improved 9.82% (P<0.05), shell ratio than the control group were significantly decreased by 16.34% (P<0.05), egg yolk redness (a *) was significantly improved by 29% (P<0.05), egg yolk yellowness (b*) compared with the control group had significantly improved by 7.51% (P<0.05), proteins were highly improved 11.18% (P<0.05); Haugh unit was improved 6.41% (P<0.05).(6) In the egg nutrition aspect:Compared with the control group the yeast-Monascus medicine mixed preparation added,the fat content of the egg white was significantly lower protein content, the fat content decreased by 6.54% (P< 0.05), protein content was increased by 4.13% (P<0.05), egg yolk fat content was decreased by 9.04% (P<0.05), egg yolk cholesterol content was decreased by 18.24% (P<0.05), triglyceride levels was decreased by 19.84% (P<0.05), egg yolk protein content increased by 3.8% (P<0.05).(7) In the egg yolk fatty areas;The yeast-Monascus medicine mixed preparation added compared with the control group, stearic acid C18:0, palmitic acid C16:1 content was significantly lower, oleic acid C18:1, linoleic acid C18:2, linolenic acid C18:3 content has been significantly improved, stearic acid C18:0 content was decreased by 7.23% (P<0.05), palmitic acid C16:1 content was decreased by 17.49% (P<0.05), oleic acid C18:1 content was increased by 8.62% (P<0.05), linoleic acid C18:2 content was increased by 17.48% (P<0.05), linolenic acid C18:3 content was increased by 37.21% (P<0.05).(8) Amino acids in the egg yolk:the yeast-Monascus medicine mixed preparation added compared with the control group, leucine Leu, ⅡeⅡe, Thr Thr, Met Met, lysine Lys. alanine aspartic acid Ala Asp, Arg Arg. and the total amount of amino acids, phenylalanine Phe content has significantly improved (P<0.05), leucine (Leu) content was increased by 40.43% (P< 0.05),, isoleucine (Ⅱe) content was increased by 50% (P<0.01), threonine (Thr) content was increased by 55.6% (P 0.01), methionine (Met) content was increased by 30.69% (P<0.05), lysine (Lys) content was increased by 45.43% (P<0.01), alanine (Ala) content was increased by 36.22% (P<0.05), aspartic acid (Asp) content was increased by 35.88% (P<0.05), arginine (Arg) content was increased by 39.38% (P<0.05), phenylalanine (Phe) content was increased by 39.71% (P<0.01), the total amount of amino acids was increased the 38.7% (P<0.05).(9) In laying hens blood biochemical indicators:Yeast-Monascus medicine mixed preparation Add group compared with the control group, alanine transaminase (GPT) content than the control group was improved by 2.68% (P<0.05); aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) content was increased by 3.65% (P<0.05); urea nitrogen content was decreased by 16% (P<0.05), total cholesterol (CHO) content was decreased by 10.47% (P<0.05), triglyceride (TG) content was decreased 14.25% (P 0.05), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) content was increased by 36.84% (P <0.01), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) content was decreased by 21.05% (P<0.05).(10) In laying hens blood immune indicators:Yeast-Monascus medicine mixed preparation added compared with the control group, serum immunoglobulin Ig G content was increased by 41.48% (P<0.01), immune serum Ig a globulin content was increased by 34.94% (P<0.01), serum immunoglobulin Ig M content was increased by 33.33% (P<0.01).(11) In laying hens serum protein content areas:Yeast-Monascus medicine mixed preparation added compared with the control group, the serum-free total protein (TP) content was increased by 8.82% (P<0.05), serum white protein (ALB) content was increased by 6.44% (P<0.05).(12) L aying hens in blood antioxidant indicators:Yeast-Monascus medicine mixed preparation added compared with the control group, SOD content was increased by 31.59% (P<0.05), glutathione peroxidase peroxidase content was increased by 18.21% (P<0.05), total antioxidant capacity was increased by 58.6% (P <0.05), MDA activity was decreased by 12.68% (P<0.05) than the control group.(13) In the liver antioxidant indicators:Yeast-Monascus medicine mixed preparation Add group compared with the control group, SOD content was significantly increased by 3.41% (P<0.05), glutathione peroxidase enzyme content was significantly increased by 12.71% (P<0.05), MDA content was decreased by 28.13% (P<0.05).(14) Tn the egg yolk antioxidant indicators:Yeast-Monascus medicine mixed preparation Add group compared with the control group, SOD content was increased by 17.29% (P<0.05), glutathione peroxidase content was increased by 6.63% (P <0.05), total antioxidant capacity was increased by 40.02% (P<0.05). MDA active group was dropped 34.44% (P<0.05) than the control group. The results showed that:Adding the yeast-monascus-traditional Chinese medicine mixed preparation to the diet can significantly increase the production performance of laying hens and the every dietary nutrients apparent digestibility, promote the growth of intestinal bacteria while suppress harmful bacteria growth, reduce the rate of excretion of laying hens manure nitrogen and phosphorus, improve the quality and nutritional content of eggs,cholesterol, triglyceride conten and egg yolk was reduced, increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the egg yolk and amino acids, improve the blood biochemistry related indicators effectively and reduce the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, improve the egg protein and blood serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgA, IgM content, increased the serum, liver and egg yolk SOD and GSH-Px activity and decrease the content of MDA and overall improvement in the oxidation resistance of hens and eggs. |
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