Forage Silage And Healthy Breeding Of Cattle And Sheep In The Karst Rocky Desertification Environment

Karst rocky desertification areas have lots of issues, like serious soil erosion, high rock exposed rate, low vegetation coverage, backward economic development, prominent social problems and so on. Grass animal husbandry in Karst rocky desertification is a effective way to alleviate the contradiction between man and land, accelerate community succession, enhance biodiversity, increase farmers’ incomes, and ease the employment pressure. The silage, with the advantages of high efficiency, convenience, long quality guarantee period, regulating the digestibility of domestic animals and inhibiting the disease incidence, etc, is an essential technique of grassland animal husbandry. What’s more, it can also ease the seasonal imbalance of forage supply and the single feeding structure by retrieving wasted straw. Healthy cattle breeding is not only the core part of grassland animal husbandry, but also the important way to alleviate the pressure of survival in Karst rocky desertification areas. Forage silage and healthy cattle breeding can increase vegetation coverage by planting grass, alleviate social contradictions by using land reasonably, and increase economic income by improving livestock slaughter rate, which have convergence with the ecological, economic and social problems in the control of Karst rocky desertification areas.Based on these theories like ecological restoration theory, the coupling effect theory, the marginal cost theory, the sustainable development theory, optimal nutrient allocation theory and circular economy theory, we built two demonstration areas from 2012 to 2015, one is Salaxi demonstration area in Bijie,and another is Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang demonstration area in southwest Guizhou. In the two demonstration areas, we constructed the pattern and technique of forage silage and healthy cattle breeding in Karst rocky desertification by investigating social and economic conditions and ecological environment.. The results are as follows:1. The artificially planted alfalfa, white clover, red clover, orchardgrass, tall fescue, chicory, bromus catharticus, perennial rye, which are rich in nutritional value, can be used as excellent pasture. Among the 8 artificially plants, alfalfa has the highest nutritional value, but low content of NDF and ADF, while the bromus catharticus has the highest content of NDF and ADF. Tall fescue has the highest content of CF and EE. According to the survey, it is found that silage utilization is less and even is not used in karst rocky desertification area, so.silage is significant to grassland animal husbandry development in karst rocky desertification. However, silage should be payed attention to feed the reasonable collocation in feeds process.2. In all the experiments of silage, the data of Leguminosae, Gramineae, Compositae and Polygonaceae has showed that the addition of LAB can improve the effects of Silage. The sensory evaluation and laboratory valuation have shown that: 1) bromus catharticush is the best silage in Gramineae, while the orchardgrass has the highest aerobic stability; 2) Alfalfa is the best silage in Leguminosae and has the highest aerobic stability; 3) Polygonaceae and Asteraceae which are cut into pieces have higher silage effect than whole-planted silage(P<0.05). The comprehensive results show the bromus catharticus ensiled has the highest quality, but the high content of NDF and ADF. Silage pool silage pattern is proper for potential-mild rocky desertification area and bag silage pattern is fit for mild-moderate rocky desertification areas, but the interrelation between silage pattern and silage type, mixed crop planting, type of feeding cattle and sheep in the selection process are to be further discussion.3. As for the silage pattern of silage pool technology and bag silage model progress to technology integration as "forage crop- silage pool" and "artificial grass- bag silage", high-quality forage crops is applied more and more widely. However, the width and depth of the local resources and breeding of new forage crop silage need further study.4. The analysis of experimental data in the two demonstration areas shows that the quality of artificial pasture is better than weeds. The evaluation about sensory evaluation, nutritional value and aerobic stability of several kinds of pasture shows the bromus catharticus is the best, and the chicory is the worst. With the whangee grass as the material of silage for the cattle breeding experiment, the average daily weight gain of cattle is 0.49 kg, and the sheep is 0.13 kg. There are 64 cattle and 320 sheep in demonstration areas. In Salaxi demonstration area, the management area of Karst rocky desertification is about 71.31km2, and the management area of karst is about 87.93km2 with a cattle house, a sheep house and a hen house. While in Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang demonstration area, the management area of karst desertification and karst are 36.81km2 and 51.62km2 separately. In demonstration areas, the vegetation coverage rate and the per-capita income are significantly increased,and the vegetation coverage rate is increased about 0.52%, the storage of water and soil are about 20m3 and 0.7t separately. In addition,the fixation of nitrogen, phosphor, potassium and other organic matters have also increased. Meanwhile, the absorption of toxic substances, carbon fixation and oxygen release and dust-retention have also been effected significantly. In the demonstration areas, the output of cattle and sheep is respectively about 454,400 yuan and 312,800 yuan, and the employment problem of 19-32 people has been solved. Salaxi demonstration area is suitable for mountain ecological animal husbandry, with the crop straw, corn silage or sweet sorghum as the material of silage, while the Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang demonstration area is suitable for the development of ecological animal husbandry in mountainous areas, with the bag-type silage for artificial pasture. The demonstration of forage silage technology and cattle and sheep healthy aquaculture have a wide range, benefits for society, economy and ecology are significant, but the difference on regional farming system, the concept of development, environmental conditions are great, it will make the benefits up and down.5. Silage and cattle-sheep healthy aquaculture technology can be extended to the area like fragile ecology, single planting mode, lagging of economic development because of its practicability. However, the region is relatively narrow on actual use. What’s worst, most of them are only used in large and medium-sized farms, while the aquaculture concept in family rear is backward so that it is used less.