Silage Utilization Of Native Shrub-grass And Health Feeding Technology Of Cattle And Sheep In The Karst Rocky Desertification Area

Under humid climate conditions,due to the karst development and disturbance of human unreasonable activities,the soil layer is exhausted,the bedrock is exposed in large areas,the contradiction between man and land is prominent,and the ecological system has the trend of reverse succession,and then it is appeared rocky desertification.Grassland animal husbandry is an effective way to alleviate the contradiction between people and land,accelerate the succession of communities,increase biodiversity and the income of farmers and relieve the pressure of employment in rocky desertification areas,while silage is a necessary technique for the development of grassland animal husbandry,it has the advantages of high efficiency,convenience,long expiration date,it can regulate the digestibility of livestock and suppress the incidence of diseases,in addition,through the development and utilization of native shrub-grass resources to silage that can not only overcome the bottleneck of lack of food and feeding which encountered in the development of animal husbandry,integrate the resources of native grass-shrub to maximize the benefits,but also relieve the pressure of seasonal imbalance in feed supply.According to ecological restoration theory,coupling benefit theory,marginal cost theory,sustainable development theory,nutrition optimal allocation theory,circular economy theory and so on,this paper selected Huajiang comprehensive demonstration area with medium-intensive rocky desertification of karst plateau-canyon and the Salaxi comprehensive prevention and control demonstration area with potential-light rocky desertification of karst plateau-mountain of Bijie in Guizhou province,the literature analysis method,experiment method,comprehensive analysis method,investigation and analysis method and quantitative analysis were used to determine the objective and research content of native shrubs for silage and healthy feeding of cattle and sheep.Based on the background survey from 2015 to 2016,6 plant materials were selected for silage experiments in the summer of 2017,that is,Broussonetia kazinoki,Erigeron annuus and Miscanthus floridulus,widely distributed in Guanling-Zhenfeng demonstration area of Huajiang with the modium-intensive rocky desertification,and Coriaria nepalensis,Hypericum patulum and Artemisia sieversiana,widely distributed in Salaxi demonstration area of Bijie with the potential-light rocky desertification.The silage experiment was conducted on the basis of 3 air conditioning levels,2 different silage methods and 5 silage fermentation additives gradient,the 17indexes of 84 samples were repeated 2 times,a total of 2856 data were statistically analyzed,the silage quality,nutrient change,aerobic stability and relative feeding value of silage in different native shrub-grass were analyzed,the health feeding evaluation of cattle and sheep was carried out by combing with digestion and metabolism principle of cattle and sheep to explore the technology of native shrub-grass silage and healthy feeding of cattle and sheep.1.In terms of conventional nutrient changes,for the silage of native shrub-grass in the moderate-intensive rocky desertification area,the DM content of Miscanthus floridulus increased after silage,while that of Erigeron annuus and Artemisia sieversiana decreased,the CP content of Miscanthus floridulus change significantly and it is higher than that in the silage material,the CF contents of in the three shrubs are lower than those before silage,and the EE content show a decreasing trend overall with a small range,according to changes in nutrient composition,the Miscanthus floridulus silage has the best effect.In potential-middle rocky desertification area,The change of DM and EE content in local shrub-grass silage is related to the moisture content of silage materials,the CP content of Coriaria nepalensis after the treatment of the open air has been improved compared with that before silage,the content of CF in three kinds of shrub-grass was higher than that before silage except for Coriaria nepalensis and Hypericum patulum.Therefore,comprehensive analysis of potential light rocky desertification area has the best effect of silage.Therefore,by a comprehensive analysis,the best effect of the silage is Coriaria nepalensis in potential-middle rocky desertification area.2.In the relative feeding value,the DMI,DDM and RVF have significant differences after different airing time in the moderate-intensive rocky desertification area?P<0.05?,and the relative feeding value is Broussonetia papyrifera>Erigeron annuus>Miscanthus floridulus.The silage DMI and DDM have significant difference after different airing time in the potential-middle rocky desertification area?P<0.05?.There are significant differences between the airing treatment group and the control group?P<0.05?in RVF,and the relative feeding value is Artemisia sieversiana>Coriaria nepalensis>Hypericum patulum.3.In the single silage of native shrub-grass in the moderate-intensive rocky desertification area,the quality of the silage fermentation is as follows:Miscanthus floridulus>Broussonetia papyrifera>Erigeron annuus.Meanwhile,in the silage of native shrub-grass in potential-middle rocky desertification area,the quality of the silage fermentation is Coriaria nepalensis>Artemisia sieversiana>Hypericum patulum.The experiments of mixed silage for native shrub-grass in moderate-intensive rocky desertification areas and potential-middle rocky desertification areas,the former had inferior silage effects at different additive levels,which may be related to the difference between different shrub-grass.in addition,the NH₃-N content in the former is significantly higher than that in the latter,the nutrient loss is serious,and silage effect of the former is poor.4.Through technological innovation of native shrub-grass and healthy feeding of cattle and sheep,the technology system of silage for native shrub-grass and healthy feeding cattle and sheep is integrated in rocky desertification area.On the basis of the existing technology,according to the research results of nutrient change regularity for native shrub-grass and the metabolic mechanism of cattle and sheep,in view of the key technological innovation of silage for native shrub-grass and the healthy feeding of cattle and sheep,through the transformation of the results,the silage technology of native shrub-grass,the silage facility improvement technology,the TMR formula technology and the use of silage filtrate for recycling and use it in cattle and sheep feeding are put forward.Finally,according to the different grades rocky desertification,integrating the silage of native shrub-grass and healthy feeding of cattle and sheep technology and forming technology system in the rocky desertification area.