Mechanism Of Hay Making And Technology Of Healthy Feeding Of Cattle And Sheep In Karst Rocky Desertification

The development of ecological animal husbandry in karst area is an effective way to control rocky desertification,studying the mechanism of moisture loss and nutrient change for hay making and the mechanism of efficient utilization for hay raw materials and digestion and metabolism of cattle and sheep under different grade of rocky desertification in rocky desertification area to optimize the control technology of rocky desertification.According to the basic principles of physical geography,agro-environmental sciences,botany,biochemistry,animal nutrition,combined with various theories such as ecological niche,adaptive control and nitrogen metabolism in the rumen,this paper selected Huajiang comprehensive demonstration area with medium-intensive rocky desertification of karst plateau-canyon and the Salaxi comprehensive prevention and control demonstration area with potential-light rocky desertification of karst plateau-mountain of Bijie in Guizhou province,used a variety of research methods like analysis of variance,cluster analysis,correlation analysis,regression analysis and factor analysis,based on the background survey from 2015 to 2016,four representative species that Broussonetia kazinoki,Penisetum sineseus,Coriaria nepalensis and Lolium perenne were selected for forage modulation experiment in spring of 2017.The hay making was prepared by natural drying,flattening,cutting short of different length,adding different concentration of K₂CO₃ to dry and two combinations,the 17 indexes of 276 samples were repeated 2 times,and 6072 data were statistically analyzed,the routine ingredients and the quality evaluation of hay were analyzed,the health feeding evaluation of cattle and sheep was carried out by combing with digestion and metabolism principle of cattle and sheep,which was concluded moisture loss and nutrient change principle and find the best way to hay make in healthy feeding cattle and sheep under different grade of rocky desertification in rocky desertification area?1?The cluster analysis and variance analysis are used to investigate the characteristics of the moisture loss and nutrient changes in the hay to put forward the suitable use methods of hay making in karst rocky desertification area.The moisture loss of the four materials in the karst rocky desertification areas all showed a trend of increasing first and then slowing down,the average water loss rate of Broussonetia kazinoki,Penisetum sineseus,Coriaria nepalensis and Lolium perenne in natural air drying was 29.67g/h,25.14 g/h,28.03g/h,31.22g/h respectively,which was much smaller than other air drying methods,so natural air drying was not suitable for use in karst areas,while flattened and natural drying methods were more suitable for the preparation of hay materials with larger differences between stem and leaf diameter,which can effectively maintain the shape of stems and leaves and preserve nutrients,the drying rate of short-cut drying was faster,but its quality was lower than flattened natural drying,and the method of adding K₂CO₃ can maximize the preservation of nutrients.The priority of nutrient conservation was:wild forage plant>artificial planting forage,woody plant>herbaceous plant,moraceae>coriariaceae>gramineae.?2?A fitting model of DM and average water loss rate?v?was established to determine the time needed for hay modulation under different rocky desertification levels,and the appropriate season was selected for hay modulation by combing with local climatic conditions.According to the correlation analysis between v and conventional nutrients,it was found that there was a highly significant positive correlation between DM and average water loss rate in gramineous grasses?P<0.01?,it may be that the functional traits of gramineous plants were different from moraceae and coriariaceae,which resulted in a greater correlation between leaf respiration and environment.The correlation coefficients between v and DM of Penisetum sineseus and Lolium perenne were 0.915and 0.952,respectively,with DM as independent variable and v as dependent variable,a linear regression model fitted by regression analysis and verify that the relation between DM and average water loss of Pennisetum sinese was y=0.348x+11.389,while the Lolium perenne was y=0.740x-29.584.?3?The new index system was used to analyze the efficient utilization mechanism of 4 kinds of herbage materials,the best treatment groups of four forage materials were HG6,HH7,SM22and SH9,respectively.The feeding value of Broussonetia kazinoki sprayed with 1%K₂CO₃ and flattened with 3%K₂CO₃ was significantly higher than that of other groups,with scores of 0.787and 0.698 respectively,the feeding value of Pennisetum sinese sprayed with 2%K₂CO₃ and flattened with 10 cm short treatment was significantly higher than that of other groups,with scores of 0.733 and 0.705,respectively,the feeding value of Coriaria nepalensis cut 6 cm and 3%K₂CO₃treatment was significantly higher than that of other groups,with a score of 0.912,the feeding value of Lolium perenne flattened and cut 2 cm and flattened and sprayed with 1%K₂CO₃treatment was significantly higher than that of other groups,with scores of 0.899 and 0.784,respectively.Therefore,in the healthy feeding of cattle and sheep,besides the influence of forage species,the influence of choice of treatment on feeding value should also be taken into account.?4?Combined with the digestion and metabolism metabolism of CHO,CP and EE in cattle and sheep and the RFV of forage,the priority order of feeding forage for cattle and sheep was put forward:Broussonetia kazinoki>Lolium perenne>Pennisetum sinese>Coriaria nepalensis?P<0.05?.There was no significant coupling between the nutrients,the content of CP and EE in Broussonetia kazinoki was the highest,the higher RFV was Broussonetia kazinoki and Coriaria nepalensis,but the content of lignin in the shrub-gramineous plant was high,the reason for the higher RFV was whether the DMI was too high or the mobility of the RFV fitting model was low which was need to further study.The CP contents are ranked as Broussonetia kazinoki?20.68%?>Coriaria nepalensis?13.74%?>Pennisetum sinese?11.95%?>Lolium perenne?11.02%??P<0.05?,the EE contents are ranked as Broussonetia kazinok?11.56%?>Pennisetum sinese?10.54%?>Lolium perenne?10.29%?>Coriaria nepalensis?9.38%??P<0.05?.The CHOs were ranked as Coriaria nepalensis?72.14%?>Lolium perenne?70.19%?>Broussonetia kazinok?67.79%?>Pennisetum sinese?55.66%??P<0.05?.