| Bi-directional solid fermentation is a fermentation way that the medicinal fungi was used as fermentation strains and the Chinese herbal medicine with active ingredients or the nutrients added Chinese herbal medicine was used as medicinal matrix.In the fermentation process, the medicinal matrix provide nutrients for fungi to growth and metabolize, and in turn the metabolic enzymes produced by fungi change the organization and composition in medicinal matrix, so as to increase efficacy, produce new nature or function and reduce the toxic effects of the original herbs. Besides the medicinal fungi and secondary metabolites in the mycoplasm play efficacy together without separation.The bi-directional fermentation products called mycoplasm is the mixture of Chinese herbal medicine and medicinal fungal mycelium, and several studies have confirmed that it is usually has a better effect than the single fungi or medicinal herbs or even the mixtures simple added both two. Monascus and Inonotus Obliquus has certain consistency on the pharmacological activities. The main component of Inonotus Obliquus polysaccharide is beta-glucan and a few heteropolysaccharides which are composed of glucose and some other monosaccharides like xylose, and they always have strong pharmacological effects on immunity enhancement, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and depressing blood glucose and blood lipids. The fermentation products of Monascus contain various kinds of active substances, the Monacolin K inside have effects on anti-tumor and depressing blood lipids, and the monascan also has bio-activities on adjusting immune, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant. Besides Monascus can produce a variety of enzymes during its growth and metabolism, such as amylase, glucosidases, cellulose,and so on, consequently it have great potential to transform or modify Chinese herbal medicine or even generate some new active substances. Yanfu Xie and his colleagues^ combined monascus with Polygonum multiforum in order to compose a bi-directional liquid fermentation system which not only reduced the content of combined anthraquinones, but also promoted the growth of monascus and the accumulation of its secondary metabolites Monacolin K. Yanqiu Song and his colleagues transformed Radix puerariae with monascus by bi-directional Solid state fermentation to improve the content of puerarin which is its main effective component. Therefore, our experiments in this paper used monascus as the fermentation strain to establish a new bi-directional solid state fermentation system, in order to combined the advantages of both above, and transform Inonotus Obliquus to get more beta-glucan, and finnally make the mycoplasm has better medicinal efficacy.The main research contents and results of this thesis are as follows:(1) A bi-directional solid state fermentation system of monascus combined with inonotus obliquus is established, to investigate the adaptability of the system according to the growth of monascus, dry discount rate, consumption rate and the content variation of Monacolin K. The results showed that the monascus-inonotus obliquus bi-directional solid state fermentation system had a good adaptability, and the effects of fermentation was better when grown on the inonotus obliquus-rice matrix, and the growth of monascus, dry discount rate and consumption rate were all qualified for the bi-directional solid state fermentation standards, and there was a certain amount of Monacolin K while fermented for 14 days. so we come to the conclusion that there may exist substance transformation in the fermentation system, and the fermentation combination is reasonable and feasible.(2) The growth condition of monascus, the content of Monacolin K and beta-glucan in mycoplasm were taken as indexes to evaluate the results of fermentation, and single factor was used to study the effects of PH, temperature, initial water content, the medicinal matrix dosage, inoculation, fermentation period and the frequency of moisturizing on the results of bi-directional solid fermentation, besides the orthogonal test was used to determine the optimum technological conditions of the fermentation system so as to improve the contentof beta-glucan and Monacolin K. The results showed that temperature of 28 ℃, proportion of matrix 1:1, medicinal matrix dosage 20 g, PH 4.0, initial water content 90%, inoculation 40%, fermentation period 12 days and water supplement once each 4 days was the optimum processing condition, and under this condition, the content of beta-glucan and Monacolin K in mycoplasm were 1.97% and 2.09 mg/g.(3) The content of beta-glucan in mycoplasm determined by Congo Red Method was taken as the index and single factor was used to study the effects of solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and extraction times on the extraction rate of beta-glucan, and the orthogonal test was used to determine the optimum technological condition to extract beta-glucan in mycoplasm. The results showed that the optimum technological condition was solid-liquid ratio 1:20, extraction temperature 80℃, extraction time 2.5 h and extraction times twice, and under the condition above, the extraction rate of beta-glucan was 2.11%.(4) under the optimum fermentation condition and extraction technological condition, we explore the substance transformation by comparing the content of beta-glucan in mycoplasm, Inonotus Obliquus, rice flour and Monascus-rice flour, and its activity of reducing blood lipid was studied preliminary through the animal experiment. The results showed that there exist substance transformation in this fermentation system which is related to the metabolic enzymes produced by Monascus, the content of beta-glucan was increased, and a part of the increment came from the bodies and secondary metabolites of monascus,besides the mycoplasm can significantly Reducing blood lipids in mouse. |
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