The Protective Effects Of Honey On Gastric Mucosa Injury In Acute Alcoholism Rats And Its Mechanism

IntroductionAcute alcohol intoxication is commonly known as drunk. One-time excessive alcohol intake can lead to body function abnormal and even the inhibitory state of central nervous system. When alcohol absorption rate is higher than the metabolic rate, alcohol can pass through the "blood-brain" barrier, go into the brain and cause acute alcoholic intoxication.Alcohol intoxication can cause different degree of multiple organ disfunction and organ injury.The most common damage caused by alcohol are gastric mucosa injury and liver injury. Many studies have confirmed that high concentrations of ethanol can corrode gastric mucosa directly, Induced acute gastric mucosal inflammation,cause congestion,edema,bleeding, erosion and ulcer of gastric mucosal. Besides,alcohol and its metabolites may cause liver injury of different degree. In recent years, with the improvement of life level and the change of dietary structure,drinking liquor production and the number of people drinking are rised, the related diseases caused by alcohol poisoning increased year by year.WHO had reported that nearly 2500000 people died of alcohol drinking every year,it become the third largest public health problems after cancer and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, finding natural, non-toxic, effective hangover drinks and protecting liver and stomach medicine has important practical significance.Honey is a supersaturated solution of sugar,it is the nature sweet substance produced by honey bees from nectar of blossoms or from secretions of insects,whichhoney bees collect, transform and combine with its own digestive tract secretions,Then brew it completely by a variety of converting enzyme and then storage in the hive.The component of honey is very complicated, It Contains carbohydrates, protein, mine-rals, vitamins, organic acids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, enzymes and other 200 kinds of chemical substances. Sugar is the main ingredient in honey,and 85%~95% of total sugar are fructose and glucose.Honey have the activity of detoxification,antibacterial,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.It has curative effect on hepatitis, gastritis, gastric ulcer, burn,scald, constipation and other disease.ObjectiveThe thesis is based on the establishment of acute alcoholism rat models accompanied with gastric mucosal injury, through the animal experiment,To explore the protective effects of honey on gastric mucosa injury in acute alcoholism rats and its mechanism,providing references and scientific basis for comprehensive development and utilization of honey related products.MethodsThe acute alcoholism accompanied with gastric mucosal injury model of rats were induced by single gavage using anhydrous ethanol.Take the normal group as negative control,take hangover drink Dingjiu liquid(a commercial product)as positive drug control group. Then high,moderate and low concentration of honey were given to above formed intoxicated rats to investigate its stomach-protective effects and its related mechanism.75% ethanol 10ml/kg were given to each groups by single gavage exceped for normal group. After 30 min,Then each treatment groups were given medicine through the means of watering stomach for one time.The model group was fed up with equal volume of saline.Then after given drugs for 2.5 hours,all treatment group rats were taking blood from abdominal aorta. After killed rats,taking out liver and stomach were quickly.Examine the gross morphological and collect liver and stomach tissue for next detection.1. To investigate the protective effects of honey on gastric mucosa injury in acute alcoholism ratsGross morphology and pathological changes in gastric mucosa were observed, gastric mucosal injury index and inhibition ratio of rats among groups were compared to evaluate the protective effect of honey on gastric mucosa.2. To explore the mechanism of honey’s protective effects of gastric mucosa injury in acute alcoholism rats2.1 The activity of SOD and the content of MDA in stomach tissue were tested,to identify whether honey protective gastric mucosal through antioxidant ways.2.2 the content of gastric mucosal injury factor(ET-1 、 IL-8 、 TNF-α)were detected, to identify whether honey protective gastric mucosal through ways of reducing the content of gastric mucosal injury factor.2.3 the content of gastric mucosal defense and repair factor(PGE2、SS、EGF)in rats gastric tissue among groups were tested, to identify whether honey protective gastric mucosal through ways of increasing the content of gastric mucosal defense and repair factors.2.4 Using the alcohol concentration in blood serum,the activity of ADH and ALDH in liver and stomach tissue of acute alcoholism rats as indexes to explore the anti-alcoholism effects of honey and its effects on alcohol metabolizing enzyme. To identify whether honey protective gastric mucosal through ways of promoting alcohol metabolism.3. To investigate the effects of honey on liver in acute alcoholism ratsThe activity of ALT and AST in blood serum and liver histopathology of rats were measured to determine whether successfully setting up acute liver injury by single gavage using 75% ethanol 10ml/kg.Then on the basis of this,judge whether honey has liver-protective effects of acute liver injury rats.Results1. To investigate the protective effects of honey on gastric mucosa injury in acute alcoholism ratsThe index of gastric lesion and gastric mucosal hyperemia edema, hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration were obviously reduced by honey compared with model group rats.2. To explore the mechanism of honey’s protective effects of gastric mucosa injury in acute alcoholism rats2.1 Compared with model group,The high concentration of honey groups can significantly increased the activity of gastric mucosal SOD(P<0.05)while all honey groups can very significantly decreased the content of MDA(P<0.01) in gastric mucosa.2.2 Compared with model group,Honey can very remarkbly decreased the content of ET-1,IL-8, TNF-α(P<0.05 or P<0.01)in stomach tissue.2.3 Compared with model group, The content of PGE2 and SS in gastric mucosa of honey group rats were evidently improved(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The content of EGF in all groups had no statistical differences.2.4 Compared with normal group, the concentration of alcohol in blood serum in model group was very significantly higher.Compared with model control group, the concentration of alcohol in blood serum in low and moderate concentration of honeygroups were significantly lower(P<0.05)while in high group was very significantly lower( P<0.01);the activity of ADH in liver and ALDH in stomach tissue of moderate and high concentration of honey groups were very significantly increased(P<0.01), the activity of ADH in stomach and ALDH in liver tissue of all honey groups were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).3. To explore the mechanism of honey’s protective effects of gastric mucosa injury in acute alcoholism rats The activity of ALT and AST in blood serum in model groups were higher than in normal group.ALT and AST in honey groups were lower than in model group,but among all groups have no statistical difference(P>0.05). Pathological observation showed that no histologieal damage was observed in liver tissue of normal group.And it only cause light liver injury in model group, Specific performance is liver cell degeneration and edema mildly and widely. Pale staining cytoplasm osteoporosis. Hepatic sinus compression narrows. necrosis of liver cells slightly. No inflammatory cell found.The degree of liver cell degeneration and edema in Positive drug control group and honey groups were better than model group.Conclusion1. The acute alcoholism accompanied with gastric mucosal injury model of rats were sucessfully established.Honey had the protective effect against 75% ethanol 10ml/kg induced acute gastric mucosa injury.2. Honey’s stomach-protective mechanisms are related to The following aspects. 1).By means of improving the activity of SOD and reduce the content of MDA in stomach mucosa, through the way of regulating and improving the metabolism of free radical, inhibiting lipid peroxidation against acute alcohol induced gastric mucosal injury. 2).Honey can reduce the content of the injury factor ET-1, IL-8, TNF-α, Through the ways of alleviating local ischemia of gastric mucosal,reducing gastric mucosal inflammatory mediators and inflammation to protect gastric mucosal. 3). Honey can improve the content of gastric mucosal defense and repair factor PGE2 and SS, through the strengthening of the gastric mucosal barrier function and repair function to protect gastric mucosal. And its protective effects had no close relationship with EGF. 4). Honey can effectively alleviated hangover and decreased alcohol content in blood serum by increased the activity of ADH and ALDH in liver and stomach tissue of acute alcoholism rats.By the ways of promoting alcohol metabolism to protect gastric mucosal.3. There had no severe liver injury in acute alcoholism rats by single gavage using 75% ethanol 10ml/kg after 3h. But the results indicated that honey has the potential protective effect of ethanol-induced liver injury in rats.