| Objective: In this study, the dietary habits, status of hypertension and influence factors in Han and Tujia residents older than 15 of Chongqing city were analyzed, the main influence factors of hypertension were explored to improve the eating habits of residents in Chongqing,and to provide a targeted theoretical basis for the further development and dietary control measures of hypertension.Methods: A cross-sectional survey using multi-stage stratified random sampling method was carried out from in Chongqing population aged 15 and more years who lived in Dadukou district, Qianjiang district,Yongchuan district, Hechuan district,Bishan,Tongnan, Liangping and Rongchang country from 2013 to 2014.There were questionnaire survey and anthropometric measurements. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, dietary conditions.Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, waistline and blood pressure. All the data were input into a unified data management system,and analysis using the statistical software of SPSS21.0. Data analysis was conducted with Student’s t test, Chi-square test and Logistic regression model.All statistical tests are bilateral test,set inspection level α=0.05, P< 0.05 as the difference is significant.Results:1.The analysis of basic informationTo organize and analysis the survey data, excluding missing values, a total of 15,280 people aged 15 and more years have complete information,total of 15215 residents of the Han and Tujia included in the analysis. The Han were 13593(89.34%), and the Tujia were 1622(10.66%).Men 7576,accounting for 49.8%; females 7639, accounting for 50.2%. The average age of the respondents(45.21 ± 19.44) years, the smallest in 15 years, the largest in 99 years. The education level of most respondents were primary and junior high school, the proportion of illiteracy was 13.9%, the Han population illiterate proportion of 14.1%, higher than the Tujia population(12.0%)( ? 2= 5.747, p <0.05).The main occupational groups were agricultural workers, accounting for 54.0%, and the proportion of agricultural workers in Han(51.8%) wsa lower than the population in Tujia(72.4%)(?2 = 248.241, p <0.001). The main marital status were married /remarriage / cohabitation majority, accounting for 74.2%,The proportion of married / remarriage / cohabitation in Han population was 74.0%, lower than the Tujia people(75.9%), no statistically significant differencebetween the both..Among respondents, Smoking rate was 26.5%, and Tujia(27.6%) is slightly higher than the Han(26.4%)(P> 0.05); drinking rate was 25.7%,among them, Han drinking rate(26.7%) higher than the Tujia drinking rate(17.3%)(P <0.05); there is daily work, agricultural and domestic sexual body activity accounted for 82.16%, of which Han population has 80.8%,lower than the Tujia people(93.5%)(?2=159.982,p<0.001); leisure related body activity accounted for 20.2%,and the Han population has 20.0%,lower than the Tujia people(21.9%)(?2=3.037,p>0.05); the traffic related body activity traffic accounted for 73.8%, of which Han population has71.7%, lower than the Tujia people(91.4%)( ? 2=292.313,p<0.001);average daily static activities time is 4.62 h, Han residents daily average static activities time was 4.52 h, below the Tujia 5.41h(t=-10.956,P <0.01);lack of sleep per day accounted for 16.8%, the proportion of the Han population’s lack of sleep was 18.4%, far higher than in the Tujia people(3.5%)(?2=232.165,p<0.001).In the study population, the rate of overweight was 27.6%, Han(28.4%) is higher than the Tujia(20.3%)(P <0.01); obesity rate was 7.4%,the Han(7.8%) is higher than Tujia(4.7%)(p <0.01).2. The status of hypertensionAmong respondents, The prevalence of hypertension was 22.67%, and the Han population was 23.8%, is significantly higher than Tujia populationprevalence 13.1%(P <0.01). In terms of age distribution, the Han population prevalence of hypertension increased first and then decreased,the group at the age of ≥75 years is highest, 61.6%; in Tujia people,65-74 age group is the highest prevalence of hypertension among residents, and presented the prevalence increased with age rising trend(trend 2 = 12.69, P<0.01).3. Dietary intakeThe results of dietary survey showed that, Han population, the intake of cereals, vegetables and eggs meet the standard reference intake, and intake of poultry meat, oil and salt intake exceeds the reference, fish and shrimp, milk, soy and fruit below the reference intakes; Tujia populations,vegetables and egg intake in line with standard reference intakes, but grains,livestock and poultry, soy, oil and salt intake exceeds the reference intakes,fish, milk and fruits lower than the reference intake. Tujia crowd eggs,beans, fruits, and oil, salt intake is higher than Han population in varying degrees, especially beans, is 1.85 times the Han population intake.4. Analysis of influence factors of hypertensionMultivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the Han population Education level, marital status, static behavior, eggs, milk and fruit with the prevalence of hypertension was negatively correlated, while age, alcohol consumption, lack of sleep, overweight or obese, and cereals soy and prevalence of hypertension was positively correlated. Milk andTujia population prevalence of hypertension was negatively correlated,while age, traffic-related behavior, lack of sleep, overweight or obese and the prevalence of hypertension was positively correlated.Conclusions: In this study, a total of 15,215 cases in Han and Tujia residents over the age of 15 as the research object, it analysis factors associated with hypertension in people’s information, lifestyle and dietary intake behavior, the initial results are as follows:1. The prevalence of hypertension was 22.67%, remained at a high level, the prevalence of hypertension in Han population is much higher than the Tujia people, and with age gradually increases.2. There were problems about most unreasonable dietary intake and diet in two ethnic residents. We should be actively promoted scientific and reasonable diet and lifestyle, adjust the diet to improve health.3. Risk factors of hypertension in two ethnic residents are not the same, it should be based on the characteristics of the population, to take targeted hypertension prevention measures. |
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