Research On Prehistoric Settlements In Middle Han River Region Under Support Of GIS Technology

The Middle Han River Region located among Henan, Hubei and Shanxi Province, it is an important corridor linking of the two Cultural District of Middle Yangtze River and the Yellow River, From the Paleolithic to Xia Shang and Zhou periods its archaeological culture sequence is continually, which made this region’s archeology and cultural landscape always been the concern to scholars. The region since Late Yangshao Culture city sites appeared, Qujialing, Shijiahe culture period, Ancient City, Ancient Country rised in neighboring regions of Jianghan Plain, the two cultures had a strong impact to the Central Plains through the Middle Han River Region, at the time of late Shijiahe Culture, this culture suddenly decline, and appears a number of factors from the Wangwan Third Phase Culture of the Central Plains, this is the time on the eve of the Xia Dynasty. Thus, explore the cultural changes in this region, also has an important significance for the study of the origin of civilization. In recent years, the Middle Route Project of South to North Water Diversion Project and other basic construction commenced with the archaeological work, some new materials published, has greatly enriched the prehistoric culture in the area, and laid the foundation for the further study of Prehistoric Archaeology in the region.Based on scholars’current study about this region, we set the typical sites and typical pottery combinations, and divided the Paleolith Age into early, middle, late three period, Yangshao Culture is divided into four phases, Daxi Culture Youziling type is divided into early and late two phases, Qujialing Culture as early, middle, late three phases, Shijiahe Culture is divided into early, late two phases, due to less materials Wangwan Third Phase Culture couldn’t staging. On this basis of site, settlement staging, classification, we establish a database, using GIS technology to launch the comprehensive analysis of each period distribution of settlements, altitude, site resources domain etc. to further explore the development and evolution of prehistoric settlements and relationship between human and nature in this region, revealing the Prehistoric society’s complicated process. GIS analysis and study shows that, the prehistoric settlement in the Middle Han River Region is in the process of continuous development. Among the early, middle, late phases of the Paleolithic Age development sequence coherence, created the conditions for the early Neolithic cultural in the region. In the Yangshao Culture period, the Yangshao culture settlements in the area are from less to more, from small to large development momentum, to the middle Yangshao culture, forming a plurality of settlement groups, cultural development to the prosperous stage, especially the superb construction technology also have a certain impact on the Central Plains. At the time of Late Yangshao, the Late Daxi Culture of Jianghan Plain absorbed the excellent culture and developed as Qujialing Culture, based on the former settlement groups, consolidate, development, and rapid northward penetration. At the time of Shijiahe culture, from the distribution of settlements, resource domain analysis and settlement size perspective, the Middle Han River Region settlements at this period is generally small, which stark contrast to the City sites, everywhere of the lower reaches, although the area of Han River to Suizao Corridor nearby Jianghan Plain formed dense settlement groups, may have been incorporated into the Shijiahe ancient civilization, but most areas are still free from the dawn of civilization. The posterior segment of Longshan period, Wangwan Third Phase Culture establish a stable settlement groups of Luanshitan type based on the local Shijiahe culture, and give a continue and strong impact to the Shijiahe Culture in Jianghan plain, Shijiahe Culture declined rapidly. Investigate its reason, is the result of three kinds of factors:internal contradictions of Shijiahe Culture, floods and Yu Miao’s syndrome. The Wangwan Third Phase Culture’s southward expand the development area of the Wangwan Third Phase Culture, and create a stable environment for the development, on the other hand also absorbed the advanced culture of Shijiahe Culture, adds new energy for the development of the culture of the Central Plains, which lead the formation of the pattern of diversity in unity of the Chinese civilization, and laying a solid foundation to Central Plains’core position in the origin of civilization.