The Research On Erich Fromm’s Thought Of Human Nature

Erich Fromm was an important figure of the Frankfurt School in its early stage,and also a core leader in the Freudianism Marxism.From the reality of the social life to explore the huamn nature,not only did he emphasize the effect of the biological factors,Fromm but also paid much attention on the social political and economic structure,so the human nature was a overall huamn nature of multiple levels,including social attribute and nature attribute,rational thinking and emotional activity,group and individual,and other aspects.Fromm thought individual good or evil in the reality of social life,not only did depend on the family environment,culture atmosphere, social environment and other factors,but also was the results of the specific personal selection.Fromm encouraged people to speak well of your friends,say nothing of your enemy,strived to achieve good potential or tendency,and gradually perfected the thought of human nature.At the same time,Fromm made an interpretation of the human nature from the evolutionary biology perspective,and studied the human nature deeply rooted in the unique of the human survival environment,and drew the conclusion that "the essence of man was the inherent paradox of the human existence".According to such existence situation leading to a variety of different surivival contradiction,Fromm made a distinction between "existential dichotomy" and "historical dichotomy".In this view,he thought there existed five kinds of psychological need:the need of being related,the need of surpass,the need of finding survival root,the need of seeking confirmation,the need of tendency and devotion.The concept of the character being introduced to Fromm’s thought of human nature was an important pioneering work,which derived from the Marxism that the human nature was put into two categories,one was "the genernal nature of man",two was "the changed human nature" based on the specific historical context.About the character,Fromm made a distinction between invidual character and social character,and treated the social character as a bridge or ligament between the economic foundation and the superstructure.It was an imporant complement to the Marxism,and provided a new angle of view to observe the social problems.The author thinks,Fromm’s thought of human nature,on one hand has certain historical rationality of the study on the reseach menthod,the inerpretation of modern social public feeling connotation;on the other hand,due to exaggerating the effect of the will,emotion and other irrational factors and inherent contradiction in the idea,his thought of human nature has some theoretical limitations.This is due to the trait of Fromm trying to synthesize different theories of different ideologists.