| When entering 20th century, western Marxism analyses the phenomenon of the subjectivity alienation generally exists in western captalist sociaty with high technology, strong productive forces and rich materias, points out that because of materialization structure in western sociaty , man has enslaved by "material" and lost the consciousness of subjectivity; the harmony between people, between man and nature have been damaged, social crisis and ecology crisis have merged. Based on these, they harshly oritised and discriminated captalism, however, paid special attention to man's subjectivity. All of the above bring us deep reflections on socialist construction in our country. This paper tends to state these in three parts.The first part: Attention to man' s subjectivity by western Marxism. Firstly, in 1920' s, Lucachi analyses the reasons why west European revolution fails,brought up the conception of" materialization" and thinks that "materialization" is the cause of working class' s consciousness crisis and personality twisting. If we want to deal with alienation, we must emphase on the subjectivity consciousness of the working class. Secondly, the new technology wave after the World War II pushes the western industrial civilization to a new stage, brings great changes to social structure and deepens man' s alienation. Marcuse analyses human dilommas and thinks that due to the technology ration' s general control over human being, man continues to alienate and lives in the satisfactory of"falsedemand" , therefore, losesindependence and revolutionary conciousness and becomes"single-sided" man. Sarter , based on humanism, brings up the idea of "Others are hell', and thinks that because of man' s loneliness sense of lost and disbelief, his freedom of subject has been deprived of; therefore, he calls for dealing with alienation and brings back man's own personality. At last, according to the modern captalist crisis, Danel Bell presents the caltural contradictions and man' s belief crisis in captalist sociaty, and calls for re-establish-ment of spiritual belief, ideal social life and universal personality. The second part: Comment and analysis on the ideas of man'ssubjectivity by western Marxism. Firstly, the paper presents Marxist idea of alienation and comments on its position and limitation in the theory of Marx. Secondly, this paper lists the new features of captalist alienation raised by western Marxism. Thirdly, it gives us the imperfections on the discrimination of the subjectivity by western Marxism, and comments on their ideas about man' s subjectivity.The third part: The reflections on modern socialist construction in our country. With our reform and opening-up policy and the establishment of socialist market-orientated economy, science and technology and productive forces have made great progress, man's subjectivity consciousness has been improved in a degree; man's independence, and creativeness have been, which add activity to the sociaty. But at the present stage of social exchange, the factors of imperfect law and market system, people' s relatively low quality and the influence of "materialization" consciousness, all cause many bad social influence, and creat the tenses between people, between man and nature, therefore, the problem of the subjectivity comes up, which becomes an unavoidable problem.Facing this kind of reality, we should borrow the reasonable-part of critisism on the subjectivity raised by western Marxism, pay more attention to the development of the subjectivity, folster the consciousness of it; we should also arrange well the relationship between man and "material" , improve the subjectivity according to the greatly progressed technology, prevent the spreading of "materlization" , stop the art of going after profits, stress the effective combination of scientific spirit and human spirit, keep the harmonous relationships between people, between man and nature, care for the all-sided development of man, and push our modern socialist construction to a new stage. |
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