The Poetic Theory Of "Ziran" In Qing Dynasty

"Zi Ran" is an important category of Chinese classical poetical theories Although the research on "Zi Ran" was begun in the early twentieth century, the systematic study was started at the beginning of the 1980s.The research of "Zi Ran" includes two mainly aspects,one is about the overview of its connotation and development,another one is about the research of the specific poet.The poetical theory "Zi Ran" in Qing, the last feudal dynasty of China, summed up the achievement of the past dynasties.However,the researches on "Zi Ran" of Qing are relatively not too much. Therefore, the research emphasis of this paper focus on the important poets’s view of "Zi Ran" in Qing Dynasty,summarizing the development of "Zi Ran".Part one,describes the historical development of "Zi Ran" from Pre-Qin Period to Ming Dynasty in hope of holding its historical origin.Part two,according to the poetic theory in Qing Dynasty(mainly the Late Ming and Early,Early and Middle Qing Dynasty),analysis seven important poets’poetical theories of "Zi Ran",centering on two main question:"disposition" and "Zi Ran","poetry rules" and "Zi Ran".The seven poets all thought that "disposition" was very important,poetry could express their real feelings, and emotion was the motivation of poetry. But their understanding of the "disposition" were different,so their poetical theories of "Zi Ran" had some differences.Qian Qianyi,Wang Fuzhi and Shen Deqian defined the range of "disposition",but the "disposition" was still a part of nature. Yuan Mei claimed that "disposition" was equal to the nature of human,so was Weng Fanggang.Although Weng Fanggang didn’t point out the relationship between "disposition" and "Zi Ran", he claimed " One Person One Shen Li" and the poetry should express "Ben Se", and demanded the poetry should express poet’s unique personality.In the relationship between "poetry rules" and "Zi Ran",they all praised the natural poetry highly in accordance with the requirements of Taoism.They advocated natural poetry rules, opposed carving or advocate carving to "Zi Ran"Part three,Chinese classical poetical theory "Zi Ran" in Qing Dynasty, in essence, was a return to"is naturally" of Taoism.