The Study Of Sentence Completing Ability About Aspect Particles And Adverbs In Psychological Core-verb Structure

Since Hu Mingyang and Jin Song(1989)formally proposed the concept of"complete sentence ingredients",the discussions about sentence completing ability in modern Chinese continue to be discussed even today.Although the research has achieved fruitful results,there is still much room for further research.Being different from previous studies,this report does some research on the capacity size of sentence completing word classes(particle,adverbs)in psychological core-verb structure instead of exploring the types and quantities of sentence completing.In particular,this article discusses the sentence completing ability in one valence and bivalent,and even in psychological core-verb structure,such as aspect particles"着、了、过",degree adverbs"很、太、十分",time adverbs"经常、正在、已经",modal adverbs"也许、一定、的确",and negative adverbs"不、没有、别".This article defines the scope of static declarative sentence, which excludes contextual and non-declarative tone, and it is based on Three-stratum Grammatical Theory. It puts forward basic requirements of sentence completing. According to valency Grammar and the kinds of “valence ”, psychological verbs can be classified all kinds. Then basic core-verb structure can be built as the foundation of this article. Addition method, language sense judgment method and questionnaire method are used to study 15 sentence-completing elements in one valence and bivalent of psychological core-verb structure. And it is based on the numbers of sentence completing to list out sequences of strong and weak sentence completing. At last, combined with study results, it analyzes factors which restrict sentence completing ability of sentence-completing element(SCE).Being investigated and analyzed,aspect particles"着、了、过",the strong and weak order of sentence completing ability in psychological core-verb structure,can be arranged:过>了>着.At the same time,the strong and weak order of sentence completing ability in one valence psychological core-verb structure,can be sequenced:过>着>了.The strong and weak order of degree adverbs,time adverbs,modal adverbs and negative adverbs is:degree adverbs>negative adverbs>modal adverbs>time adverbs.Besides,the strong and weak order of sentence completing ability in one valence psychological core-verb structure is:degree adverbs>negative adverbs>time adverbs>modal adverbs.The strong and weak order of sentence completing ability in bivalent psychological core-verb structure is:modal adverbs>negative adverbs>degree adverbs>time adverbs.In the meanwhile,there are strong and weak differences between each adverbs.For example,negative adverbs"不、没有、别",the strong and weak order of sentence completing ability in one valence psychological core-verb structure is:不>没有>别.The strong and weak order of sentence completing ability in bivalent psychological core-verb structure is:(不/没有)>别.It illustrates that there is hierarchical nature of sentence completing ability in sentence-completing element(SCE). The hierarchical nature is that the strong and weak order of sentence completing in the same internal category and sentence completing object(core-verb structure) is different. And in the same internal category, there is strong and weak differences among different completing object. To sum up, it shows that semantics are the main factors to restrict strong and weak forms of sentence completing ability in sentence-completing element(SCE). Besides, its sentence completing ability may also restricted by syntactic constraints and pragmatic information.