The Research On Consulate Of Russia In Sinkiang(1851-1917)

Since 1851, the Qing government signed the"Yili tarbagatay trading rules" with Russia, Russian consulates were set in Yili, Tacheng, Kashgar, Urumqi, Turpan and Altay.The imperial Russian consulates evacuated after the October 1917 revolution, had existenced about 70 years.The consulates in Ili and Tacheng were established in 1851,which experienced two periods of change making the "Hi Treaty" as a boundary.The consulates in Kashgar, Turpan,Urumqi and Altay began in 1881, which reflected the capitalism of Russia developed rapidly, and the aggression and expansion of Russia increased in the 19th century. During the 70 years, the political, economic and social situation of Sinkiang has experienced important changes. The force of consulates had infiltrated into every aspect of the political, economic, social gradually. On one hand, the consuls cooperating with the Russian government invaded the northwest frontier of china.On the other hand, the consuls took advantage of military threat and consular jurisdiction to intervene the judicial, administrative sovereignty of china. Meanwhile these consuls played an important role in economic aggression and exporting of capital of Russia. The Russia consulates had deep into all the aspects of social life of Sinkiang, which had a profound influence continuing to today. The Russian consulates brought untold suffering to the people of Sinkiang is the major trend. But the Russian consulates is an important external factor that promoted the process of modernization of Sinkiang.