Research On The Distributions In Times And Spaces Of Charitable Organizations In Chongqing Of Qing Dynasty

It is the most prosperous period of the development of traditional philanthropy in Ming and Qing dynasties. A large number of charitable organizations beganning to emerge is the main performance. In addition to Yang Jiyuan, Qi Liusuo and other government-run charity organizations, civilians also spontaneously raise a hot wave of founding charity organizations,various charitable organizations constitute a relatively perfect social assistance system of ancient society together, have to play a major role in social assistance.ChongQing is located in the junction of the central plains culture and the southwest minority nationalities culture.the natural environment and the social and cultural are complex and diverse.The charity organization established in the geographical environment are different from that of other areas in establishment.development and operation mode. After the war in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, along with the increase of population and social economy continuous recovery, the recovery process is relatively slow which charity organization destructed in the war.Yang Jiyuan is the earliest charity organizations appearing in ChongQing of the Qing Dynasty. Initially Yang Jiyuan are mainly invested by the local government becoming the only government-run charity organizations in the early and middle Qing dynasty.The large-scale reconstruction of Yang Jiyuan focues on the three dynasties that QianLong, JiaQing and Daoguang.individual counties founds it delaying to TongZhi years.To the late Qing Dynasty,Yang Jiyuans in the states and counties of ChongQing are restoration and reconstruction.Because Yang Jiyuans are clearly limited in aid people and salvage quota, the provincial refugees and additional foundlings or destitute are not adopted,With the increasing number of widowers, widows, orphans and childless couples, Qi Liusuo.Liu Yangju and other institutions emerge as the times require,which specialized adopt foundlings or the destitute.To a certain extent make up for a lack of Yang Jiyuan, expanding the scope of relief.Qi Liusuo starts later than Yang Jiyuan,also it not as popularity as Yang Jiyuan in each place.At first,Yang Jiyuan and Qi Liusuo is advocated by imperial government and funded by the local government. However,because the local is the lack of funds in the process of development,civilians spontaneously began to donations working for the establishment of Yang Jiyuan and Qi Lliusuo.Therefore, government-run charity organizations gradually chang the nature to jointly owned between public and private or private owned under government supervision.Because of charity organizations which private own is founded under the influence of government-run charity, so the setting time is generally later than the government-run charity.Before the mid-Qing Dynasty civilians found charity still rarly,since it is the peak period of civil charity organizations rising.Such institutions in ChongQing area are numerous, varied and adopting so mang people,which are rare in the other periods.Both the Yu Yingtang, Shi Guanju, Xu Liju, Yang Kesuo and other specially charity organizations assistance to vulnerable groups, and various comprehensive charity organization as Zhi Rentang, Zhi Shantang, Ti Xintang do philanthropic act. According to counts of those organizations,Yu Yingtang, Shiguanju and comprehensive organization more than Xu Liju, Life-Saving organizations and the fire station.The charity organizations that civilians founding in folklore promote the development and improvement of traditional philanthropy, and produce a good effect on the social relief.There is an interactive relationship between the geographical environment and the development of the charity organization, the natural geographical environment, traffic conditions, the size of the population, the level of economic development have always been important factors affecting the number of charity organizations, the scale, the spatial and temporal distribution and the mode of operation.In general, whether the distribution of government-run social assistance or non-governmental charity organizations in ChongQing is very uneven.Showing a state that the western area having more charities than eastern areas,and in the southeast,ethnic minority areas is rarely founded.Charity organizations established around ChongQing play an important role in the traditional social assistance, focusing on the charity and emphasizing the function of enlightenment at the same time. Charity organizations have a positive effect on cultural environment and promote regional stability and development of society in a certain extent.