Research On The Zhao Mausoleum Of Qing Dynasty Stone Sculpture Art In Shengyang City

The Zhao mausoleum in Qing dynasty is located in northwest of Shenyang city,it is the largest,most magnificent and representative imperial mausoleum in China’s Qing dynasty,and it is also one of the most complete existing ancient imperial mausoleum architecture in China,where buried the Taiji Huang, Taizong emperor of Qing dynasty and his queen lady Xiaorui. The stone torii is one of the landmark architecture for Zhao mausoleum in Qing dynasty,built between the Chongde 8th and Shunzhi 8th,completely preserved so far. This paper studied the stone sculpture art of stone torii. First by taking photograph,drawing and systemize the image material,summary analysis the structure layout of stone torii. The stone torii has wood imitation structure mould,with exquisite vividly stone sculpture on the archway,its carving technique bind with the flat carving,round carving,relief and openwork carving technique. With big ridge,vertical ridges,ornament on roof ridge,beasts,hook,tile and stone,frontal fang and below frontal lane,bean,brave,animal head applique,sparrow brace are made of wood imitation stone, on the crossbar carved with cloud dragon play bead,the eight auspicious symbols and tie up branch lotus,scroll grass pattern and other propitious decoration. Then analyzed the stone carving patterns of the stone torii,among which dragon pattern as a symbol of royal was carved in 18 places of north-west direction,as for the carving technique with fourteen relief and four openwork carving. As to engraving content there were ten dragons playing bead,four dragon drive clouds alone,two rise dragon pattern and two fall dragon pattern. The style of dragons playing is jewel centered,Ssangyong symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides,independent dragon pattern, rise and fall dragon pattern present balanced type composition. Between beams carved with eight auspicious symbols,from left to right of west beam was carved with precious umbrella,triton,Pisces,lotus,from the left to right of the east beam was carved with Aquarius,treasure cover,coiled intestinal and dharma,with the carving technique of openwork carving. The eight auspicious symbols use scroll grass pattern,lotus leaf pattern around the main body,rich and full,round with lotus pattern as the marginal pattern and make the patterns relatively independent in structure. Use relief technique on beam framework which has support effect to increase torii’s gravity. Use openwork carving technique on adornment beam to reduce torii’s wind resistance. Stone torii’s pillar bottom carved wit four pairs of stone lion in the north and south,a pair of Haetae squatting on xumizuo in the east and west,as an expression of self-respect,gaping mouth,all represent the royal dignity. Finally,by analyzing the stone carving art study the culture it reflected of Qing dynasty of stone arch which. The dragon pattern,theeight auspicious symbols and lotus pattern on the stone torii all reflected the influence that Han,Tibetan,Mongolian and religious culture to Manchu culture. represents the fusion of mutiple national culture,this artistic achievements were also created by different ethnic groups.