The Research Of The Jurchen’s Impoverishment Problem In Jin Dynasty

Although founded a little more than10years ago,the Jin Dynastysuccessively perished the Liao Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty.Andlater in confrontation with the Southern Song Dynasty it always occupiedthe dominant position.The momentum of Its development was very rapid.However, since the Sejong acceded to the throne,a series of problems beganto emerge inside the seemingly solid Jin Dynasty,especially the Jurchen’s impoverishment which was common and had profound impacts on economy,politics, culture, military affairs and other various aspects in the lateof the Dynasty.The study of the Jurchen’s impoverishment is helpful tounderstand some of the reasons why the Jin Dynasty perished.Also it hassignificance on the inquiry of rise and fall of later dynasties.From theperspective of social history this article studies the Jurchen’ simpoverishment problem in Jin Dynasty by three parts which are the causeand influence of the Jurchen’s poverty and the countermeasures that weretaken by the rulers of the Jin Dynasty.The first chapter is the main reason for the Jurchen’ simmiserizing.First of all, the system of opening up wasteland wasdestroyed which was the Jurchen’s economic system after they occupiedthe central plains.And the development of land annexation andpayless-duty reflected the phenomenon. Secondly,the number ofagricultural labors was not enough.On one hand,the way of agriculturalproduction and operation by which a small family not a big one separatelydid farm work emerged under the influence of Han Chinese production modeon the central plains and the rapid expansion of private ownership economybrought by wars.So It’s scattered workforce.On the other hand,to narrow the gap between the rich and poor the governors taxed the Jurchen’shouseholds in fields, cattle and slaves.This situation made lots of slavessold which also caused the loss of labor.Thirdly,the ruler’s managementmeasures were improper.For example,the draft made the Jurchen’s burdenheavier.And on majority occasions the Jurchen got barren lands assignedby the governors. And so on.Lastly,rapid economic expansion caused theJurchen’s enjoyment and severe corrupt habits,such as their lavishlifestyles.Also in the society the Buddhism and Taoism were very popular.That the Jurchen gave up the root and went after those unimportant thingsmade them in poverty.The second chapter is the effect of the Jurchen’s impoverishment.Theimpoverishment’s influence existed in every aspects of the society,suchas the more and more obvious gap between the rich and poor,heavy financialburden，greatly reducing fighting capacity of the ordinary Jurchen’shouseholds and imperial clan and the noble.The third chapter is the ruler’s countermeasures against the Jurchen’s impoverishment.Economically,strictly limit the number of the Jurchen’s fields,extend the lands,ban annexing the lands,impose taxes and adjusttheir living environment.Politically,strengthen the construction ofbureaucratic team’s quality.Militarily,recruit soldiers and chooseexcellent generals and marshals in order to maintain the militarylaw.Culturally, emphasis and advocate past custom,and inhibit theexcessive development of the Buddhism and Taoism.Since Emperor Sejong of Jin acceded to the throne,the Jurchen’simpoverishment problem appeared and it was not still resolved when theJin Dynasty perished.At that time the rules had realized its severity andimplemented some countermeasures,but they ultimately failed tocompletely eliminate it.