Research On The Influence Factors Of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder And Post-traumatic Growth In The Middle School Students Four Years After The Wenchuan Earthquake

[Objectives]To analyze the level of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and post-traumatic growth(PTG) in the middle school students four years after the Wenchuan earthquake and explore its influencing factors further.This research is conducted on the purpose of providing diachronic data for the process of post-traumatic psychological reaction in the middle school students in future catastrophe,and it provides the scientific basis in formulating the long-term systematic intervention measures for the students experienced an earthquake.[Methods]The large sample questionnaire survey was used for the research. We investigated 1500 middle school students that was selected in the way of Stratified cluster sampling in earthquake-stricken area of Wenchuan by using earthquake exposure factors questionnaire, Impact of Event Scale(IES), Post-traumatic Growth Inventory(PTGI), Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS), Big Five Inventory(BFI), Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD—RISC), Children’s Depression Inventory(CDI). SPSS and AMOS is used for Statistical analysis.[Results]1.The positive rate of PTSD symptoms in the middle school students four years after the earthquake was 16.26%.2.The level of PTSD symptoms in girls and senior high school students was significantly higher than that of boys and junior high school students(P<0.001). The level of post-traumatic stress disorder in students with high exposure was significantly higher than the students with low exposure. The symptoms of PTSD are relatively severe in partial introverts, people with neuroticism or low scores in agreeableness and responsibility. There is no significant difference in PTSD between people with different level of openness. The level of PTSD symptoms in group of high scores in tenacity was higher than that in low score group. People with high level in tenacity and optimism high level had a relatively light PTSD symptoms. The PTSD symptoms was relatively light in the condition of the better in perceived social support and the less in the occurrence of arousal, avoidance, intrusion. Inner-family support and external-family support played similar role in the social support. The main symptom of PTSD is arousal. The symptom of arousal can be avoided by providing high level of social support.3. The main predictive factors of PTSD is Having felt scared, Having family members being killed,Having close friends seriously injured or being killed., and having own house seriously damaged,neuroticism, openness personality and perceived social support.They account for 23% of the total variability of PTSD.4.Girls got more scores than boys in life feelings. High school students got more scores than junior high school students in new probability. There is no significant statistical difference in post-traumatic growth between different schools and nations. There is significant statistical difference in PTG under different exposure factors of Having witnessed someone injured, Having witnessed someone being killed and Having close friends seriously injured or being killed. People under the higher exposure would grow faster. There was more PTG reported in the group of achieved high scores in extraversion,agreeableness,responsibility,openness and in the low scores group in neuroticism. There is significant difference in post-traumatic growth in different level of social support and different resilience.The better in Perceived social support and resilience,the higher level of post-traumatic growth would be achieved.5. The influencing factors of post-traumatic growth included resilience, perceived social support, agreeableness, extraversion, neuroticism,Having witnessed someone injured and Having close friends seriously injured or being killed. These factors accounted for 52.5% of total variation in PTG.Resilience accounted for 46.4%, perceived social support accounted for 3.8%.6. There was no significant relativity in Pearson linear correlation analysis between total scores of IES and PTGI. The first canonical correlation coefficient was 0.292.There is only low positive correlation between them.[Conclusions]1.There was a high level of PTSD in the middle school students four years after the Wenchuan earthquake which bring relatively severe psychological trauma to the teenagers. This kind of trauma need long-term concern and Intervention.2.The influencing factors of PTSD are Having felt scared, Having family members being killed,Having close friends seriously injured or being killed., and having own house seriously damaged,neuroticism, openness personality and perceived social support. Neuroticism is the main influencing factor of PTSD four years after the earthquake.3. The influencing factors of PTG included resilience,perceived social support and openness,agreeableness, extraversion,neuroticism and two trauma exposure factors like Having witnessed someone injured, Having close friends seriously injured or being killed. Resilience is the main influencing factor in PTG for students four years after the earthquake, perceived social support is secondary to it.4. Post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic growth is not significantly related, they are relatively independent, so we cannot predict one of them according to another.