A Study On Aristotle’s Justice Theory From His Two Definitions To Human

Aristotle have two definitions for human that human are rational animals and humans are political animals. These two propositions appear in the "Nicomachean Ethics" and "politics", the former is concerned that people become a qualified, noble people, while the latter focuses on the people to be a good citizen. These two books have different theme, so although rational nature and political nature have some functional reiteration, but in a special purpose, they are also differences. Because in practical philosophy of Aristotle, justice have the significance of personal morality, and also the meaning of political judge, it has a very close relationship between people’s property and justice.Reason for justice has two aspects of meaning. First, the ration as the most special abilities of human, it reflects a kind of function. From a rational thinking and choice function of the ration, it is the moral foundation. On the other hand, because the reason is the most essential attribute of man, from the perspective of human rights, it reflects the equal rights of natural persons.The rational people should have the equal allocation right, and should not depending on the difference of the identity, origin, because the rational explanation of the natural properties of the existence have express everyone who have the possibility to become a noble(it can be reflected from the Education Aristotle give his audience), so every rational man should enjoy equal rights in the education and development.Personal political performance is the specific identity person such as citizens, slaves, civilians,nobility and so on,so political impartiality embodies a legal or equitable rules.Aristotle support an aristocracy in the "politics",nobility means virtuous man,so Aristotle’s proportional allocation prefer to get on with nobility,and slave does not have the rights of citizens.So the justice have deference meaning from a rational and political two aspects. "Man is a rational animal," so people can achieve perfect personality and be a noble through good education,so every one should enjoy equality rights.But human political nature concerned on the allocation of limited public wealth, so he stressed that only the citizen was worthy the allocation of the rights and wealth,nobility on the birth have a priority right.So in Aristotle’s justice system,the principle of proportionality is higher than the principle of fairness.Rawls’ s justice issues follow Aristotle’s justice theory in some aspects,he make sure the rational fundamental capacity from the veil of ignorance,also emphasizes equal distribution is higher than the proportion one,what reflects what he called as equal justice,and have great effects on contemporary political, ethical area.