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A Study Of Marx 's View Of Justice

Posted on:2016-04-18Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:T L MiFull Text:PDF
GTID:1105330461968637Subject:Marxist philosophy
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Before the birth of Marx’s concept of justice, the classical concepts of justice and Latitudinarian conceptions of justice have occupied the dominant position of social thoughts. The two standpoints opposite to each other, Hegel transcended the opposition of the two standpoints, and unified them in his mysterious logic formula. Marx’s theory is established on the base of criticizing and inheriting previous theory. Previous researches provide theoretic material and nutrition for the building of Marx’s theory, and leave questions for Marx to study at the same time. Marx deeply realizes that the evolution of concepts of justice is not the evolution of the independent history of consciousness; the development and evolution of the concepts of justice is driven by the development of productive forces. The classical concepts of justice and Latitudinarian concepts of justice are the mainstream concepts of a certain historical stage, corresponding to the economic base of a specific historical period. The transcending of the classical concepts of justice and Latitudinarian concepts of justice is not only beyond their concepts, but the historical transcendence the capitalist history basing on the new historical period and the new social relations.To emancipate people and realize people’s free and full-scale development is the essence of Marx’s concept of justice, the emancipation of the people includes two primary aspects: the emancipating subject and the emancipating object, Marx holds that the emancipating subject is the masses themselves, the emancipating objective is to realize people’s free and full-scale development. Marx is convinced of the strength of the masses, the masses are the subjects of the social development, creators of the material and spiritual wealth, decisive power of the social change, therefore the achievements of social development should be enjoyed by the masses. Marx holds that labor is the confirmation of the man’s essence, and human freedom is obtained in the labor. The source being exploited by the bourgeoisie is the private ownership of the means of production; only the laborers completely owning the production means and the exploiters as a class are eliminated, the emancipation of people can be achieved truly.Justice can be realized in the practice dealing with various realistic social relations not just in abstract theoretical criticism. The relation between development of the productive force and humans, the relation between individuals and the community, and the relation between rights and obligations are the fundamental relations need to be dealt with; the three pairs of relations corresponding to the three principles of justice realization. Firstly, the realization of justice is by means of the unification of the development productivity and humans. The development of society and humans are prerequisite to each other, promote each other, and complement each other. The establishment of the socialist system, builds a new platform and opens up a new realm for the development of humans, at the same time, the socialist system can promote the development of productive forces more than the capitalist system. Secondly,the realization of justice is based on the principle of the true unity of the individual and community. Marx realizes that meeting the individual’s demand is the internal motive force for the social development, all people’s struggle is related to their interests, individual interests is the basis to produce the public interests; and the community is the mode of individuals’ existence, the contradict between individual and community cannot be solved in thinking, but in the reality of the development of productive forces under the conditions of a particular history. The relationships between individuals and the community of a country takes what form in a certain historical period, relies finally on the social and economic system of the time, but not on the theoretical formula set by some theorists. After the elimination of the exploitation basis, the relationship between individuals and the community will achieve the ultimate reconciliation, and will unify in a real community. Finally, the realization of justice is through the unity of rights and obligations of the people. As a value of judgment, Justice is to examine rationally whether the relationship between the people is reasonable, whether social rules and regulations between people are fair. Dealing with these relationships properly is to dispose the relationship between the distribution of rights and obligations.Marx realizes the realization of justice is to emancipate people by eliminating the system of exploitation. In Marx’s era, the maladies of the capitalism have been fully exposed, the in-born natural rights being advocated by capitalism, such as, the right of life, liberty, equality, property and other rights are reflected in their opposite. The appearance of the equal exchange between workers and capitalists contains exploitation and oppression of the capital toward the labor. Freedom and equality being considered as the ideas of justice with absolute value beyond history is a false propaganda in Marx’s view. Marx deeply realizes the capitalist society has its great function in the history, and criticizes its cruel deprivation and alienation of man during its process of development. The capitalist contradictions cannot be overcome by itself, and it will be replaced by the Communist society in which each obtains his free and comprehensive development on the basis of the highly developed productive forces.
Keywords/Search Tags:justice, human emancipation, essence of justice, principles of justice realization
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