Research On The Name And Resources Change Of Chub Mackerel Of The Bohai Laizhou Bay In Historical Period

The traditional four marine economy fish of our country is the large yellow croaker, small yellow croaker, squid and hairtail. But in recent decades, due to excessive fishing, Chinese fishery resources dried up quickly, which contributed to other low-value marine fish as major marine economy fish, such as chub mackerel. In the 1990s, chub mackerel has become one of the major marine economy fish of our country, so its position has become increasingly important. The chub mackerel in the East China Sea has been large-scale developed since the 1970s, whose production has maintained the momentum of a gradual development and its output only behind hairtail in the late 1990s. In recent years, more and more scholars studied the chub mackerel, but most of researchers’eyes looked on the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea and rarely dabbled the Bohai Sea mackerel.Laizhou Bay is located in the Bohai Sea. Laizhou Bay in the southern of Bohai Sea, its west from the Yellow River estuary, east into Longkou City Qimu island, it is divided into east, west, south three regions, whose east, south is bounded to Hutouya and west, south is bounded to the Xiaoqing River. According to People’s Republic of China Geographical Names Dictionary, Laizhou Bay has not yet formed before the Yellow River moving to the north in Xianfeng’s 5th years(1855), and later due to the large accumulation of silt, the formation of the modern Yellow River Delta, which led to Laizhou Bay separating from the Bohai Bay. Therefore, researching on the changes of mackerel resource of the Laizhou Bay before 1855, would have to involve the Bohai Sea.The aliases of chub mackerel are various and divergence. Not only difference is obvious in different areas, and also the ancient records about "chub mackerel" in different historical periods are divergence. Although records of chub mackerel in ancient books are more confusing and have different opinions, but there are also pointing to the convention that can be summarized in two views. One view is that historical records of "Tai" as mackerel which is today’s chub mackerel, and another view is "Tai" as "Houtai" which is today’s puffer fish. To the Ming Dynasty, "Tai" and "Houtai to be confused, and "Tai" became another name for the puffer fish. Therefore, only we find out what names refer to chub mackerel in ancient books, can it be able to properly understand that the prevailing situation of chub mackerel resources in the Bohai Laizhou Bay and exclude confounding the names of fish. After careful research, the ancient records about "’chub mackerel" in different historical periods, it can be concluded that "chub mackerel" is chub mackerel and’"hou chub mackerel" is puffer, and they can not to be seen as the same fish. The correct interpretation of the chub mackerel in the ancient records, can solve some debates in the history, also complement the defects of modern reference books and lay the foundation for the research of marine biological resources, and provide the conditions for the changes and reasons in the Bohai Laizhou Bay chub mackerel resource in historical period.From ancient times to today, the changes of chub mackerel resources of Laizhou Bay are obvious, whose notable feature is that chub mackerel can come and go from time to time. Chub mackerel of the Bohai DongLai County in the Western Han Dynasty appeared the grand occasion that it can not be used up. Lai was the DongLai county and Huangxian belonged to DongLai County in the Western Han Dynasty by Geography in Han Shu, which was in scope of the Bohai Sea. Further to say, here Huangxian and DongLai county is the eastern part of today’s Laizhou Bay area. Seven Lives written by Zhang Xie in the Western Jin Dynasty quoted Yan Tie Lun:"Turtle of the deep pool, Tai of Lai, Huang". From then until the Ming Dynasty, literature no longer documented the chub mackerel of DongLai County. The chorography of Laizhou Fu and Dengzhou Fu during Ming and Qing Dynasties recorded the distribution of coastal chub mackerel, but the chub mackerel resource in today’s Laizhou Bay area can come and go from time to time. Nearly 80 years, it is more hard to find out the law about the changes of chub mackerel resources of the Laizhou Bay.The reason is found that:chub mackerel is not suitable for survival in the muddy waters. Soil erosion in the Loess Plateau led to the increase of silt content of the Yellow River, and the Yellow River injected into the Bohai Sea, which affected the transparency of Laizhou Bay. In recent decades, Laizhou Bay has suffered from the industrial pollution along the coast and land-based sources of pollution on the ground of the river, which made Laizhou Bay marine environment even worse. Nowadays, a variety of intertwined factors led to chub mackerel basically disappearing in Laizhou Bay.