A Study On "Involution" Characteristics, Mechanisms, Measure And Spatial Distribution Of Migrant Workers Urban Integration

Migrant workers, which is a new and unique type “immigrant group” ofurbanization in our country. Up to2014, there are268.94million migrant workers inour country, which is false urbanization because the “binary” household registrationsystem limits them to share urbanization results. With the increase of the number ofmigrant workers，there will be more and more migrant workers being dissociated ruraland urban social system. If migrant workers cannot integrate into the mainstreamsociety for a long time，their social identity will tend to be in “involution” structure,which will not only lead to anomie behavior emerging, also form two socialformations between the edge and the mainstream society in city.With the expansionof the edge society, it is bound to be a powerful impact on mainstream society,eventually harming to social stability and harmonious development.At present, the research on urban social living space has focused on the level ofurban social groups. This research shows that the space-time characteristics ofindividual daily life behavior reflecting urban space use demand, which is a newdimension to measure social deprivation、residential segregation and social exclusion;Focusing on urban living space requirements of different social groups，has a practicalsignificance to make the migrant workers blend into city and urban space justice.With this background，this paper taking Xi’an as an example, based on the viewof social living space，studies the migrant workers blending into city. This paper,based on the systematic analysis of documents achievements on immigration，ruralmigrant workers in cities at home and abroad，questionnaire data analysis and fieldinterviews，establishes four levels analysis of the roll of migrant workers blendinginto cities from economic、 social、 institutional and psychology “involution”characteristics and formation mechanism. Using principal components analysis,statistical analysis and GIS to measure and evaluate on the volume level of Xi’anmigrant workers, it concludes the space differentiation characteristics of Xi’anmigrant workers involution in the city. This research suggests that:(1) the features of migrant workers involution are as follows: the economicinvolution aspect, the migrant workers employment level being low which still givingpriority to the ordinary workers, the low income level and the indemnification protectconsciousness remaining to be improved and skill training being insufficient, leadingto migrant workers lack of effective economic conditions involution into city; Sociallife involution aspects, the way of migrant workers life being relatively monotonous，social communication in the city being limited，because their social networkers areestablished on geographical and kinship; political system involution aspects, migrantworkers in urban management systems have minimal political rights; psychologicalinvolution aspect, the majority of migrant workers is lack of social identity for theirliving city.(2) The factors influencing migrant workers involution in the city are mainlyreflected on three aspects: institutional factors, including the land system, thehousehold registration system, the employment system, the education system, and thesocial security system etc; Social factors, including the managers cognitive biases、residents’ discrimination、contempt of the rights and interests of labor、and mediamisled; Their own factors, including low skill、low income、and low identity etc.(3) Selecting21indexes from the economic integration involution, the socialinteraction involution, institutional participation involution and psychological identityinvolution, building “involution” Integrated Measurement Indicator System, bycharacterized variable method, Likert scaling method, binary-valued variable methodto quantitative indicators, using principal component analysis, Kaiser standardizedorthogonal rotation method to get the “involution” measure function model, whichgets approving results.(4) The space differentiation of migrant workers “involution”: the spacedifferentiation of “involution” level is obvious, involution level from the center toaround decreasing gradually overall, positively correlated with consumption levelwithin certain area, and on the whole it takes on a structure of “circles”. Involutiondegree peak appeared in the southeast, mainly for the establishment of QuJiang newly developed area (emerging rich people’s region), dropped gradually from the south tothe north, and appeared a second peak in inner city; that is to say, the area includes theMing city wall (traditional business district), a high-tech zone (white-collar, highercultural talents area). The involution level of North and south is higher than the eastand the west. The involution level of east and west appears gradually decreasing frominner city. The trend is stable and the involution contribution space is relativelycentralized and even.