| In North American continent, immigrants and their descendants and indigenous peoples fused together to form the American nation, this new nation is famous for "ethnic melting pot". In American history, the American immigrants promote the modernization of the United States. As a particular ethnic group, following the Chinese,Japanese immigrants in the mid-19th century began to cross the ocean,to explore the nascent difficult voyage. However, from the physical characteristics, language and culture to the behavioral patterns, the Japanese who are far from white immigrants in the United States became increasingly xenophobic all kinds of oppression and wanton object to vent their anger. After successfully exclusion of Chinese immigrants in the territory outside the United States, a large-scale anti-Japanese wave has swept the nation. From the large-scale movement of violent rejection of the bill to the Department pursued a tight, Japanese immigrants suffered a comprehensive rejection of all sectors of American society. Anti-Japanese movement clearly show a tendency to change U.S. immigration policy toward Japan, Japan’s major powers in the expansion period for the development of the mentality of the Japan-America relationship and pave the major risks. In the framework of the history of the industrial revolution what kind of historical background bred increasingly rising anti-Japanese sentiment? Why always been quite confident of their own assimilation of the American nation itself contrary to the traditional Japanese sport exhaust heat wave? Adjustment of immigration policy on Japan-US relations had what effect? In this paper, anti-Japanese movement from1888to1924as the target, by presenting a complete picture of the overall anti-Japanese movement, attempted to clarify these issues. This paper consists of four main components:The first retrospective to explore some of the major outbreak of anti-Japanese movement historical background. After the end of the civil war and the rise of the Industrial Revolution, America’s economic and social conditions have changed upside down.In other mechanisms for national development is not complete, the purely economic industrialization has led to a variety of concentrated outbreak implicit contradiction to the United States brought serious economic consequences.In an era of economic crisis wanton attack the United States, the incoming social Darwinism caters to Americans dilemma, hatred resentment psychology. As a theoretical support, complemented by traditional white racial superiority, American society formed a strong xenophobic sentiments. Japanese immigrants different way of life, community life and closed strong ethnic and cultural imprint leads to lower their degree of assimilation and integration, as xenophobic, leaving a pretext. With the change in the internal economic development needs of the federal government adjust policies to cope with the increasing depth of the change. After the United States smoothly through difficult times of labor shortage, the laissez-faire immigration policy restrictions and began the transition to choose the direction.The second part describes the rise and rise stage anti-Japanese movement. Since the beginning of the1880s, Japanese immigrants in the United States began to suffer the same fate laborers. Under white racist incitement, as the main brunt of the American Federation of Labor in San Francisco launched a massive anti-Japanese movement. At this stage, the exclusion of Japan indentured labor, to prevent Japan from school-age children into public schools at this time has become the focus of anti-Japanese movement. Derogatory siege from public media, government attempts to boycott and then to be subjected to violence, anti-Japanese movement gradually rising from the embryonic stage and eventually developed into violent hostility peak. The cancer of racism, changes in the home country and the strength of the expansion of bilateral relations as well as their inherent characteristics are the roots of Japanese immigrants suffer the full exclusion. After being xenophobic impact of the wave, Japanese immigrants themselves and the Japanese government are responding positively to this, try to curb the anti-Japanese activities in all aspects of development momentum. In the operation of Japanese and U.S. governments actively and continuously rising anti-Japanese movement end with the signing of "gentlemen’s agreement "and come to an end.The third part focuses on the transformation of the end discusses the evolution of anti-Japanese movement and adjustment of U.S. policy toward Japan immigrants. After the Japanese and U.S. sides negotiate a massive rejection of events due to the violent suppression of the U.S. federal government lost a strong momentum.In the calm of silence later, xenophobic, abandoned the public rejection mode, the shift to a relatively mild form of a gradual reduction legislation Japanese immigrants living space and eventually be completely excluded from the U.S. territory. Enactment of the "Immigration Act1924" marks the massive, long-lasting anti-Japanese movement who eventually xenophobia victory in the end. After the end of the anti-Japanese movement, U.S. immigration policy toward Japan has undergone major changes. Let the era of laissez-faire immigration restrictions prohibit located in harsh times, after a long "dark ages" ended, U.S. policy on the development of Japanese immigrants began to adapt to the times and in the direction of loosening choice. Extreme and persistent anti-Japanese movement to Japan-US relations leave an indelible mark. Compromise and competition coexist in the era of anti-Japanese movement highlights the contradiction between the two countries has become the main topic of both the game and the contest, clearly reflects the change in the Japan-US bilateral relations. |
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