A Compared Analysis Between Scientific And Utopian Socialism

The pursuit of social equality and the development of all is the aim of socialismtheory, which is different from other class society as a fundamental characteristic.Socialism has experienced multiple phases, and there is a difference between them butsome commonalities on the nature of the socialism. Diversity requires us tosummarize the difference and changes when comparing different development stageof socialism, while commonality reminds us of understanding the continuity andinheritance between them.In recent years, it is relatively abundant on the theoretical study of the theory ofsocialism, especially on the utopian socialism and scientific socialism.However,when researching them respectively or comparing with each other, scholars often onlyplace attention on their difference from the "utopian" and "scientific", and dissever thecommonality between them artificially. Utopian socialism and scientific socialism arethe pursuit of ideal society, and show great theoretical controversies in this aspect,taking the utopianists of Saint-Simon, Fourier and Owen in19century as an example,firstly, on the aspect of nature, change namely from the "ideal picture in mind" to"destroy the existing condition of reality movement". Next, the path to realize theideal society are transforming from " class to reconcile and improvement "to the"class struggle and revolutionary” and from "whole liberation of all members in thesociety “to "the liberation of the proletariat in the body of liberation. In addition,when it comes to the question of private ownership in the ideal society, mostutopianists argue that it keeps private ownership’s remnants alive or even it should beretained while scientific socialism holds the opposite idea, because they realizeprivate ownership and the communist society are showed as two aspects of a question,and this kind of transformation reflects the heterogeneity on the different stages ofsocialism development. But this heterogeneity is connected with its philosophicalfoundation closely. That is to say, the utopian socialism’theoretical foundation ishistorical idealism while historical materialism is scientific socialism’s. Of course, theimportant is that the heterogeneity in itself contains the inherent similarities and evenconsistency, namely the common pursuit between scientific socialism and utopiansocialism, including concern on reality, pursuit of equality and contribution to perfectpersonality.