Since The Founding Of Village Governance Model Changes And Trends

Rural development has always been an important factor which is influencing thedevelopment of our country. Since the foundation of New China, especially, ruralgovernance has been attached great importance by The CPC central committee.Through continuous exploration spanning a half century, rich theoretical and practicalexperience was accumulated in rural governance. A sound knowledge of change law anddevelopment direction in rural governance facilitates the construction of a new socialistcountryside.Since the foundation of New China, rural governance model has changed three times.In the early stage of the liberation, the Chinese rural society has been covered with thepattern of the People’s Commune which not only adapted to the need of farmer organizationand the people’s regime consolidation, but also has inertia effect of China’s revolutionaryexperience at that time. In rural governance, the pattern of the People’sCommune implemented "three-level management system" organization structure whichformed a highly integrated leadership system of the communist party in the productionbrigade at the grass-roots level and took plan to instead of production and living activity ofthe market, which led the commune members to attached to commune entirely. Overall, thePeople’s Commune pattern of rural governance distorted the farmer’s political participation,intensified the rural social contradictions, hindered the normal differentiation of ruralsociety, destroyed the agricultural production and impacted on the development of ruralcivilization. Since performance of the reform and opening policy, national work focusturned to economic construction and the party’s work focus veered to rural reformand the model of countryside politics and village governance start to appear on the stage ofthe history of rural governance. With the model of countrysidepolitics and village governance, township became a grass-roots regime in rural of ourcountry and village, a lower level under township lower level, carried outself-administration by villager. The model promoted rural economicdevelopment and society advancement. But because of uneven development between areas,problems emerged in rural, such as lagging rural economic, government corruption andvillager autonomy function alienation. Since the beginning of the new century, new ruralconstruction became to a new model of rural governance in China. Because of developmentof market economy, rural governance work changed from administerization to self-government and the villager autonomy system gradually improved. This improvementfacilitated the function transformation of villages and towns government and eased therelationship between the rural masses, and promoted the development of grassrootsdemocracy. But the disadvantage of deprovincialization tendency and elite governance alsoarose together. At present, there are five viewpoints on rural governance model in academiain our country and each view has its objective rationality. In the complex rural society ofour country, rural governance pattern with general adaptability haven’t been found still now.In future, however, the development of rural governance pattern should take someorientations to transform the function of the government, optimize the structure ofgovernance, rebuild rural financial system and elevate the public awareness of farmers.