Research On Rural Construction And Its Contemporary Value In The Republic Of China From The Perspective Of Governance

In the late Qing Dynasty,imperialist aggression broke the peaceful pattern of the countryside.Under the invasion of Western powers,China and even Chinese villages were forced to be involved in the process of world modernization.How traditional villages deal with modernization has become a core issue in modern China.In this context,in the 1920 s and 1930 s,a large-scale rural construction movement of "relief and revitalize the countryside" emerged spontaneously in China.Aims to achieve national rejuvenation by revitalizing the countryside.Yan Yangchu,Lu Zuofu,and Liang Shuming are outstanding representatives of this movement,and they are known as the three outstanding figures of rural construction.Under the torrent of the times,although the trio’s rural construction practice ultimately failed,looking at my country’s modernization process,it can be found that the problem of China’s rural modernization transformation still exists today.The rural construction activities of Yan Yangchu,Lu Zuofu,and Liang Shuming are undoubtedly an indigenous exploration of rural modernization.Therefore,In the context of modernization and from the perspective of governance theory,the study of rural construction in the period of the Republic of China can provide valuable experience and inspiration for the practice and exploration of rural revitalization in contemporary times.In the 1920s and 1930s,faced with the split of state power and internal and external troubles,a large number of patriots sought to save the country.The rural construcers represented by Yan Yangchu,Lu Zuofu and Liang Shuming all noticed that the countryside was the foundation of Chinese society and determined to realize the salvation of the Chinese nation through revitalizing the countryside.Due to their differences in life experience,education level,and understanding of China’s specific issues,the three of them have different values in rural construction,choice of governance bodies,and practical paths.In terms of value orientation,Yan Yangchu puts the hope of state rescue on the general public.He envisioned the transformation of people through rural construction,reaching the goal of rising from a "new man" to a "new country." Liang Shuming advocated to absorb the strengths of the West based on the inherent spirit of China,that is,to create a new culture from the old one,and to achieve the goal of building a new China through cultural reconstruction.Lu Zuofu focused on economic construction and directly laid the foundation for a modern country by setting up industries.Regarding the choice of governing body,Yan Yangchu chose the overseas doctors,young students and the Pingjiao Alumni Association,Lu Zuofu advocated retraining young talents,and Liang Shuming preferred local squires,villagers and foreign intellectuals.In terms of the path of practice,Yan Yangchu connects and cooperates with each other through the four major education and the four major constructions,and is committed to cultivating modern citizens with knowledge,productivity,unity and strength.Lu Zuofu promoted the changes in all aspects of Beibei’s social life through economic measures such as establishing industries and developing transportation.Starting from cultivating groups and organizations,Liang Shuming attempted to create a new local culture through various groups and organizations,and promoted the birth of political system civilization through the generation of new cultures,and finally realized modernization.It is regrettable that the rural construction movement of the three people finally failed because the rural modernization plan did not conform to the historical trend of China at that time.However,in addition to the reasons of The Times,from the perspective of governance,the three-person rural construction itself also has three paradoxes in theory and practice,namely,the paradox of top-down and bottom-up political structure,the paradox of "initiative" and "subjectivity" of farmers,and the paradox of "public" and "private" governance rules.Its failure,it seems,is inevitable..The rural revitalization in the Republic of China and the new era faced different conditions,but the rural governance in the two different historical backgrounds had the same essence,namely the pursuit of rural modernization transformation.Secondly,from rural construction to rural revitalization,the problems of urban-rural gap and cultural imbalance that the Three Great Artists are facing still exist today.Finally,their rural modernization movement has also made some achievements.Their thoughts on the modernization of rural politics,economy and culture undoubtedly have some enlightening effect on the current rural revitalization.In contrast to the historical limitations and three paradoxes of rural construction in the Republic of China,rural revitalization in the new era is put forward as a national strategy.Rural modernization has also become the goal of national modernization,which is different from the traditional means of national modernization.Therefore,rural revitalization in the new era is not only the historical continuation of rural construction in the Republic of China period,but also a great progress under the new historical conditions.Of course,with the new historical conditions,rural revitalization is also faced with the problems of excessive formalism,frequent rural conflicts,low participation of villagers and insufficient endogenous motivation for rural development.The rural construction movement of the Three Masters in the Republic of China ended in failure,but by combing and analyzing their rural governance scheme,failure reason and era value,etc.It is enlightened that rural revitalization in the new era should be based on industrial prosperity to break the urban-rural dual structure,and farmers consciously as the driving force of rural development,construct the intellectuals with local logic,regard vocational education as an important starting point for rural revitalization,and promote various undertakings of rural revitalization through farmer organizations.Combining the historical progress and governance dilemmas of rural revitalization in the new era,the realistic path of rural governance modernization should be to develop economic industries according to local conditions,establish economic cooperation organizations for farmers,and promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas through the vocational education of farmers.Politically,we should get rid of formalism,endue farmers with dominant position,cultivate new villagers and promote consultative democracy to construct a pluralistic governance pattern.Culturally,the reconstruction of local culture is realized by means of reconstructing farmers’ living community,value consensus and moral education.