| As a coastal defense fort Haiphong military engineering, in defending territorial waters security, safeguarding national interests and protect the lives of the residents of coastal areas have played an important role. Xing start of construction of the fort since the Ming Dynasty, this time due to the eastern coast of pirates run amok, the Ming government in order to defend against the invasion of pirates and the Western colonial powers, and in the coastal advantageous to the sea, the island garrison set up a large number of forts, thus forming fort early prototype. Qing Ming Dynasty, Wei will be the fortress further developed, forming a fortress fort, Fort optimized design structure, and gradually formed a complete system fort fortress. However, the construction of the fort during this period, mainly for defense pirate waters and maintain security, fortress fort fort built level with the West has been compared to the same period of lagging behind, and for many years because the state stability, built in the reign of Emperor Kangxi mostly dilapidated fort, difficult to play the role of coastal defense fort.Opium War, the British captured the coastal fort was repeatedly British coastal amok, as a coastal defense fort weapon but did not play its due role. After the bitter experience, the Qing government to re-recognize the importance of coastal defense fort, and thus opened up to the West to learn a new period of military technology. From the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Qing government spared no expense on the eastern coastline of the construction of a series of thousands of miles of new fort fortress imitate the West, and gave up the early Qing Dynasty, total defense, began to focus on the implementation of the defense, which avoids the dispersion forces Haiphong. Effectively enhance the overall strength of the fort fortress,Shandong Peninsula in the Bohai Sea coast of the Bohai Sea and Liaodong Peninsula common mouth guards, guard as an important area of Gyeonggi, and its importance is self-evident Haiphong. Since the Ming Dynasty, Shandong by the central government attaches great importance to it, and built a walled city, forts, such as a large number of coastal defense fort pier facilities, constitute a strict coastal defense system. Qing Ming delay the passage of coastal facilities and to expansion. After the Opium War, the importance of coastal Shandong again be raised, the Qing government in Shandong pe, Yantai and Weihai to focus on large-scale coastal defense fort building, and the introduction of advanced Western technology fort construction, the purchase of new artillery, greatly enhance the strength of the Shandong coastal Haiphong.This paper discusses the construction of the late Qing Dynasty, Shandong coastal fort process paper is divided into six parts: The first part introduces the coastal geography of Shandong, the Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty built the case of coastal defense fort; the second part of the two Opium Wars Shandong coastal defense fort construction, the distribution of the fort, the specific type of system, the fort’s architectural features and effects of the period analyzed; the third part of the Second Opium War to the Shandong coastal defense fort during the construction of the Sino-French War were introduced; The fourth part of the Sino-French War the fort construction Jiawu Shandong Sino-Japanese War of analyzes, and focuses on the construction of the fort guard and Yantai, Weihai, and Weihaiwei fort played in combat in the Battle of Weihaiwei to the role; fifth part to build a fort built ideological and technological progress from the late Qing Dynasty fort aspects of the development of the late Qing Dynasty fort were analyzed. Through the construction of the late Qing Dynasty fort Shandong discussion, can get a glimpse of the overall progress of the construction of the late Qing Hai Phong, also help to understand the development of the national defense construction late Qing Dynasty. |
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